GAB_2024v15n3

Genomics and Applied Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 132-141 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 137 Additionally, canine obesity has been linked to significant changes in glucose metabolism and inflammation, further complicating the management of the condition. Proteomic analyses have identified numerous proteins associated with lipid metabolism, immune system function, and inflammatory pathways that are elevated in obese dogs with metabolic dysfunction. For example, obese dogs with insulin resistance and dysregulated adipokine levels show increased markers of inflammation and liver dysfunction, paralleling many features of human metabolic syndrome (Tvarijonaviciute et al., 2019). Fortunately, weight loss interventions that involve dietary modifications, such as high-protein, high-fiber diets, have been shown to reverse many of these metabolic changes. Dogs that undergo controlled weight loss programs demonstrate improved insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammatory markers, and healthier gut microbiota profiles. These findings underscore the importance of integrating genomics with dietary strategies to manage canine obesity effectively (Phungviwatnikul et al., 2021). 4.2 Feline nutritional genomics: dietary impact on kidney health Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent among aging cats and is often associated with progressive damage to the kidneys, leading to loss of function. Genetic predispositions in certain cat breeds, such as Persians and Siamese, increase the likelihood of developing CKD. Nutritional interventions are crucial in managing the progression of CKD, as adjusting the protein, phosphorus, and omega-3 fatty acid content of a cat’s diet can significantly influence kidney health and slow disease progression (Samblas et al., 2019). Studies have shown that diets with reduced protein and phosphorus content, as well as increased omega-3 fatty acids, can alleviate some of the strain on the kidneys by modulating gene expression involved in inflammatory and fibrotic pathways (Parker, 2021). This has been supported by research identifying changes in gene expression related to kidney fibrosis and inflammation in feline CKD, where nutrients play a direct role in regulating these pathways (Lawson et al., 2018). Additionally, emerging research suggests that certain genetic markers in cats may predict susceptibility to CKD and guide more personalized dietary interventions. MicroRNAs, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, have been found to play a role in the development of CKD in cats. These microRNAs can influence the expression of genes involved in inflammation and fibrosis, making them potential biomarkers for early detection of kidney disease. By identifying cats with specific genetic predispositions, veterinarians can recommend dietary adjustments that may mitigate the progression of CKD, offering a more targeted approach to treatment (Bateman, 2020). This intersection of genetics and nutrition in managing feline kidney health represents a promising area of research for extending the quality and length of life in affected cats. 4.3 Genomic approaches in managing pet allergies Pet allergies, particularly food-related allergies, are increasingly understood through genomic research. Genetic predispositions to allergies in both dogs and cats can be identified through the presence of specific genetic markers. Nutritional strategies, such as hypoallergenic diets, can be developed based on an animal’s genetic profile. Studies have shown that genomic approaches, including gene-expression analysis, can identify immune response genes activated during allergic reactions, allowing for tailored nutritional interventions (Yamazaki et al., 2021). For example, elimination diets have been found to reduce the expression of inflammatory genes associated with food allergies in pets, helping manage symptoms more effectively. 5 Advances in Nutritional Genomics Technologies for Pets 5.1 High-throughput genomic analysis in pet nutrition High-throughput genomic technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and other omics-based approaches, have revolutionized the study of pet nutrition by enabling comprehensive genomic profiling. These technologies allow researchers to analyze vast amounts of genetic data efficiently, helping identify genes and biomarkers related to nutrient absorption, metabolism, and disease resistance in pets (Giza et al., 2022). Techniques like whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and transcriptomics have been applied to various animal species, offering insights into breed-specific nutritional needs and the genetic underpinnings of obesity, metabolic disorders, and other conditions that can be managed through diet.

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