Genomics and Applied Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 120-131 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 128 algorithms for network inference and data integration will be crucial for unraveling the complexity of these networks (Cheng et al., 2011; Sharma et al., 2019). These models should incorporate multiple layers of regulation and account for the interactions between different regulatory elements, such as miRNAs, TFs, and chromatin modifications. Third, experimental validation of predicted regulatory interactions and the functional characterization of key regulatory elements will be essential for translating the findings from network biology into practical applications, such as the development of cold-tolerant rice varieties (Baldrich et al., 2015; Sharma et al., 2015; Balyan et al., 2017). Finally, comparative studies between different plant species and stress conditions will provide valuable insights into the conserved and species-specific regulatory mechanisms, which can inform the development of more resilient crops (Wang et al., 2019; Maryan et al., 2023). By addressing these future research directions, we can enhance our understanding of the integrated regulatory networks in rice response to cold stress and develop effective strategies for improving crop resilience to environmental stresses. 10 Concluding Remarks The integrated regulatory networks of miRNAs and transcriptome in rice response to cold stress reveal a complex interplay of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Several studies have identified specific miRNAs and their target genes that play crucial roles in modulating rice's response to cold stress. For instance, miR2871b has been shown to negatively regulate cold stress tolerance by increasing ROS levels and decreasing antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, miRNAs such as miR-167, miR-319, and miR-171 exhibit diverse expression patterns under cold stress, indicating their significant roles in stress response. The identification of cold-responsive TFs and their co-expression networks further elucidates the regulatory mechanisms at play. Moreover, the discovery of novel miRNAs and their stress-regulated expression in rice inflorescences highlights the importance of miRNAs in reproductive tissues under cold stress. Understanding the regulatory networks of miRNAs and transcriptome in rice under cold stress has significant implications for agricultural practices. The identification of specific miRNAs and their target genes provides potential biomarkers for developing cold-tolerant rice varieties. For example, manipulating the expression of miR2871b could enhance cold stress tolerance in rice, thereby improving crop resilience and yield in cold-prone regions. Additionally, the knowledge of cold-responsive TFs and their regulatory networks can be harnessed to engineer rice plants with enhanced stress tolerance through genetic modification or selective breeding. The integration of miRNA and transcriptome data can also inform precision agriculture practices, enabling the development of targeted interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of cold stress on rice production. The systematic review of integrated regulatory networks of miRNAs and transcriptome in rice response to cold stress underscores the complexity and significance of these regulatory mechanisms. The insights gained from these studies provide a foundation for future research aimed at enhancing cold stress tolerance in rice. By leveraging the identified miRNAs, TFs, and their regulatory networks, researchers and agricultural practitioners can develop innovative strategies to improve rice resilience and productivity in the face of climate change. Continued exploration of these regulatory networks will be crucial for advancing our understanding of plant stress responses and for ensuring global food security. Acknowledgments We would like to express our gratitude to the two anonymous peer researchers for their constructive suggestions on our manuscript. Funding This work was supported by the grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (grant nos. 2024NSFSC0317), Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 2021 Science and Technology Development Fund (on campus) Project (grant nos. XNFZ2115), and the Key and Major Science and Technology Projects of Yunnan (grant nos. 202202AE09002102).
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzMg==