Genomics and Applied Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 99-106 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 105 higher yields and reduced losses due to disease outbreaks, thereby increasing the overall productivity of aquaculture operations. Moreover, the ability to produce genetically stable and uniform fish populations can meet market demands more effectively, potentially leading to higher economic returns for fish farmers. However, the widespread adoption of CRISPR-Cas9 in aquaculture also necessitates addressing regulatory and biosafety concerns to ensure the responsible and sustainable use of this technology. As the technology matures and regulatory frameworks evolve, CRISPR-Cas9 is poised to become a game-changer in the aquaculture industry, driving innovation and growth. The future of gene editing in aquatic species, particularly through the use of CRISPR-Cas9, is promising yet complex. While the technology offers unprecedented opportunities for genetic improvement, several challenges remain. Technical issues such as off-target effects and the need for efficient delivery systems must be addressed to fully realize the potential of CRISPR-Cas9. Additionally, public perception and regulatory acceptance are critical factors that will influence the adoption and commercialization of gene-edited fish. Despite these challenges, the successful application of CRISPR-Cas9 in tilapia and other fish species demonstrates the feasibility and potential benefits of this technology. As research continues to advance and regulatory frameworks adapt, CRISPR-Cas9 is likely to play a pivotal role in the future of aquaculture, contributing to the development of more resilient, productive, and sustainable fish populations. Acknowledgments We are grateful to our colleagues for critically reading the manuscript and providing valuable feedback that improved the clarity of the text. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Ahmad S., Wei X., Sheng Z., Hu P., and Tang S., 2020, CRISPR/Cas9 for development of disease resistance in plants: recent progress, limitations and future prospects, Briefings in Functional Genomics, 19(1): 26-39. https://doi.org/10.1093/bfgp/elz041 Arora L., and Narula A., 2017, Gene editing and crop improvement using CRISPR-Cas9 system, Frontiers in Plant Science, 8: 1932. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01932 Barrangou R., and Doudna J., 2016, Applications of CRISPR technologies in research and beyond, Nature Biotechnology, 34: 933-941. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3659 Belhaj K., Chaparro-Garcia A., Kamoun S., Patron N., and Nekrasov V., 2015, Editing plant genomes with CRISPR/Cas9, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 32: 76-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.007 Borrelli V., Brambilla V., Rogowsky P., Marocco A., and Lanubile A., 2018, The enhancement of plant disease resistance using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, Frontiers in Plant Science, 9: 1245. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01245 Chen W., Zhang Y., Yeo W., Bae T., and Ji Q., 2017, Rapid and efficient genome editing in staphylococcus aureus by using an engineered CRISPR/Cas9 system, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 139(10): 3790-3795. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b13317 Elaswad A., and Dunham R., 2018, Disease reduction in aquaculture with genetic and genomic technology: current and future approaches, Reviews in Aquaculture, 10: 876-898. https://doi.org/10.1111/RAQ.12205 Gratacap R., Wargelius A., Edvardsen R., and Houston R., 2019, Potential of genome editing to improve aquaculture breeding and production, Trends in Genetics : TIG, 35(9): 672-684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2019.06.006 Gutási A., Hammer S., El-Matbouli M., and Saleh M., 2023, Review: recent applications of gene editing in fish species and aquatic medicine, Animals: an Open Access Journal from MDPI, 13(7): 1250. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13071250
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