Genomics and Applied Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 39-46 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 41 transcriptomic, and epigenomic information of individual cells, we can gain a deeper understanding of the regulatory networks in neurogenesis and identify the roles of key genes and signaling pathways. In terms of synaptic plasticity, single-cell genomic technologies can capture the molecular changes at synaptic sites when neurons are stimulated externally. These changes include the synthesis and degradation of synaptic proteins, opening and closing of ion channels, and regulation of gene expression. By comparing genomic information from synaptic sites in different states, key genes and signaling pathways related to synaptic plasticity can be identified, thus enhancing our understanding of the molecular basis of synaptic plasticity (Jeongwoo et al., 2020). For neurodegenerative diseases, single-cell genomics can reveal genomic changes in different cell types as the disease progresses. For example, in Alzheimer's disease, single-cell sequencing technologies can detect abnormal gene expression in neurons and glial cells, which may be closely associated with the onset and progression of the disease. Additionally, single-cell epigenomics technologies can provide insights into the epigenetic mechanisms behind these gene expression abnormalities, offering new ideas and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Figure 1 Analysis strategies for single-cell-omics techniques (Hu et al., 2018) Note: Three major types of molecules relating to biological central dogma (TOP). Single cell genomics methods profiling the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome are shown by different shapes with variable colors (MIDDLE). Single cell multi-omics methods are built by combining different single cell sequencing methods to simultaneously profile multiple types of molecules of a single cell genome wide (BOTTOM). For example, G&T-seq was built by combining genome (orange) and transcriptome (yellow) to simultaneously detect DNA and RNA of the same cell genome wide 2 Applications of Single-Cell Omics Technologies in Neuroscience Research 2.1 Research on neurons and synapses Single-cell omics technologies have played a crucial role in the identification of neuron types and the analysis of synaptic connections. By studying the genome, transcriptome, or epigenome of individual neurons in depth, scientists can more accurately identify and classify neurons, revealing their unique biological characteristics and functions (Musk, 2019). 2.1.1 Neuron type identification In the field of neuron type identification, single-cell omics technologies have provided unprecedented precision. For example, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology, researchers are able to map the gene expression profiles of neurons in different brain regions and distinguish various neuron subtypes. These subtypes differ not only in morphology and electrophysiological properties but also in gene expression patterns. This detailed classification is crucial for understanding the complexity and diversity of brain functions (Viswam et al., 2019). 2.1.2 Synaptic connection analysis In the area of synaptic connection analysis, single-cell omics technologies offer a new perspective on the
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzMg==