Genomics and Applied Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 39-46 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 39 Review and Progress Open Access The Application of Single-Cell Omics Technologies in Neuroscientific Research Jiayao Zhou Institute of Life Science, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, China Corresponding email: 2013478397@qq.com Genomics and Applied Biology, 2024, Vol.15, No.1 doi: 10.5376/gab.2024.15.0006 Received: 01 Dec., 2023 Accepted: 04 Jan., 2024 Published: 16 Jan., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Zhou, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Zhou J.Y., 2024, The application of single-cell omics technologies in neuroscientific research, Genomics and Applied Biology, 15(1): 39-46 (doi: 10.5376/gab.2024.15.0006) Abstract With the deepening of neuroscientific research, traditional research methods have become difficult to meet the comprehensive analysis of the complexity and heterogeneity of the nervous system. The rise of single-cell omics technologies has brought new opportunities to neuroscientific research. This review summarizes the heterogeneity of nerve cells and the basic principles, advantages, and limitations of single-cell omics technologies. Through specific cases, it delves into the application of single-cell omics technologies in the study of neurons and synapses, the analysis of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as neural regeneration and repair research, and analyzes their contributions to neuroscience. In addition, this review also looks forward to the future development direction of single-cell omics technologies in neuroscientific research and discusses the current and future technical and ethical challenges and their solutions. This review aims to comprehensively sort out and evaluate the application of single-cell omics technologies in neuroscientific research, hoping to provide useful references and insights for researchers in related fields. Keywords Single-cell omics technologies; Neuroscientific research; Neurons and synapses; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neural regeneration and repair Neuroscience, as an interdisciplinary field exploring the structure and function of the human nervous system, has always been at the forefront of scientific research. The complexity and intricacy of the nervous system make it crucial for understanding human cognition, emotions, behaviors, and numerous neurological disorders. The importance of neuroscience research is self-evident; it not only deepens human understanding of cognition but also directly relates to the effective prevention and treatment of numerous neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression (O’Banion and Yasuda, 2020). In recent years, with the rapid development of biotechnology, single-cell omics technologies have emerged, bringing new hope to neuroscience research. These technologies allow for in-depth studies at multiple omic levels—genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics—of individual cells, thereby revealing the unique functions and roles of single cells within the nervous system (Cadwell et al., 2017). The rise of this technology not only significantly enhances the precision and depth of neuroscience research but also provides new ideas and methods for the study of neurodegenerative diseases, and neuroregeneration and repair (Shen et al., 2020). This review aims to explore the applications, significance, and prospects of single-cell omics technologies in neuroscience research. It reviews the single-cell omics features of neuroscience, analyzes the heterogeneity of neural cells, and discusses the basic principles and technical processes of single-cell omics technologies. By reviewing related research cases, it provides a detailed display of the specific applications of single-cell omics technologies in the study of neurons and synapses, the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, and neuroregeneration and repair research, and assesses their contributions to neuroscience. The review also discusses the technical and ethical challenges faced by single-cell omics technologies in neuroscience research and explores possible solutions. The emergence of single-cell omics technologies brings new opportunities to neuroscience research. By thoroughly exploring the applications and significance of single-cell omics in neuroscience, this review hopes to
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