Genomics and Applied Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 12-21 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 20 through high-throughput sequencing technology, genetic variations related to disease resistance can be more accurately located and the resolution of GWAS can be improved. On the other hand, gene editing technology based on GWAS results can directly perform precise operations on the target gene and quickly breed new corn varieties with excellent disease resistance traits (Shi et al., 2014). Although GWAS has shown great potential in corn disease resistance breeding, it also faces a series of challenges. First, the interpretation and verification of GWAS results requires a large number of follow-up experiments, which is not only time-consuming but also costly. To this end, this process can be accelerated by establishing more efficient genetic and functional verification platforms. Secondly, disease resistance-related genes discovered by GWAS often have complex functions and involve multiple biological pathways. Therefore, more in-depth functional studies are needed to reveal the action mechanisms of these genes. In addition, how to efficiently apply the disease resistance genes discovered by GWAS to breeding practice requires more interdisciplinary cooperation, including the close integration of molecular biology, genetics, breeding and computational biology. In summary, genome-wide association studies has made significant progress in corn disease resistance breeding, and its future application potential is huge, but it also faces a series of challenges. Through scientific and technological innovation and interdisciplinary cooperation, it is expected to overcome these challenges, give full play to the role of GWAS in corn disease resistance breeding, and make greater contributions to global food security. 4 Conclusion Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have achieved remarkable results in the field of corn disease resistance research, providing important scientific basis for revealing the genetic basis and breeding practices of corn disease resistance. Through correlation analysis of genetic and phenotypic data on thousands of corn varieties, GWAS successfully identified a series of key genes and gene regions related to corn resistance to multiple diseases. These key findings not only enrich our understanding of the disease resistance mechanism of corn, but also lay the foundation for cultivating highly disease-resistant corn varieties through molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) technology. In terms of practical significance, GWAS research results have important application value for the practice of corn disease resistance breeding. First of all, the key disease resistance genes and gene regions identified through GWAS can be used as molecular markers and directly applied in molecular-assisted breeding of corn, greatly improving the breeding efficiency and accuracy. Secondly, these research results can also help breeders understand the genetic basis of disease resistance differences among different varieties and guide the improvement of complex traits. In addition, the application of GWAS also promotes the in-depth exploration of corn genetic resources and provides the possibility to discover new disease resistance genes, which is crucial for cultivating new corn varieties with broad disease resistance (Hu et al., 2024). Looking to the future, the directions and development trends of corn disease resistance research will become more diverse and in-depth. With the continuous advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology and the reduction of costs, more corn genetic resources will be included in GWAS studies, which will help discover more disease resistance-related genes and gene regions. At the same time, with the development of bioinformatics and functional genomics technology, functional verification of candidate genes identified by GWAS will become more rapid and accurate, which will accelerate the application of disease resistance genes and the cultivation of new corn varieties. In addition, research results based on GWAS, combined with modern biotechnologies such as gene editing, will provide new strategies for accurately modifying corn disease resistance genes, and are expected to achieve effective control of corn diseases in the future. Finally, facing the dual challenges of global climate change and changes in disease spectrum, research on corn disease resistance requires continuous innovation and development. This requires the establishment of a closer cooperative relationship between scientific researchers, breeders and agricultural practitioners to jointly promote the process of corn disease resistance research and breeding. By comprehensively utilizing genetic analysis tools
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