Computational Molecular Biology 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 75-83 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/cmb 79 Cordyceps militaris are highly valued for their bioactive polysaccharides, such as those that can regulate immunity and have antioxidant properties. It even has some anti-tumor effects (Lakner et al., 2019). As more and more people come to know these benefits, natural and effective health supplements naturally become more popular, which also drives the development of the market. However, wild Cordyceps sinensis is already scarce and expensive, so now artificially cultivated Cordyceps sinensis is gradually being developed-this more accessible and reasonably priced alternative has indeed expanded the coverage of the entire market (Mehralian and Shabaninejad, 2014). 5.2 Competitive analysis in the pharmaceutical and health products sectors In the field of medicine and health supplements, Cordyceps polysaccharides do indeed have to contend with a considerable amount of competition from other natural products and synthetic drugs. However, to be fair, its rather unique immunomodulatory ability, coupled with its antioxidant properties, has enabled it to maintain a certain market advantage (Sahai and Yadav, 2024). Although the extraction and purification process is rather complex and the polysaccharide structures are diverse, which sometimes cause some troubles, on the contrary, it actually becomes an opportunity to make product differentiation (Xu et al., 2019). Now, it can be seen that those enterprises that can efficiently produce high-quality polysaccharides and prove their efficacy through solid scientific research are indeed more likely to gain some advantages in market competition. 5.3 Major factors restricting market expansion and solutions The market expansion of Cordyceps polysaccharides is actually restricted by many factors. For instance, the extraction and purification processes themselves are quite complex and the cost is not low. In addition, the relationship between the structure and activity of polysaccharides is still not very clear at present, which also makes its development and application not so easy to advance (Wang et al., 2015). To solve these problems, it may still be necessary to rely on continuous research to optimize production methods and at the same time gain a deeper understanding of exactly how the biological activities of these polysaccharides function. On the other hand, strengthening consumer education and promoting more about the actual health benefits of Cordyceps polysaccharides also has the opportunity to drive market demand and help this market grow further. 6 Industrialization Technologies and Challenges of Cordyceps Polysaccharides 6.1 Progress in current industrialization technologies There have been many advances in the industrialization technology of Cordyceps polysaccharides recently, especially in the optimization of fermentation processes. For example, by adjusting fermentation conditions such as temperature, pH value, or nutrient composition, the yield and quality of active polysaccharides in Cordyceps sinensis have been improved. In addition, gene manipulation techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 have also been applied to Cordyceps militaris to modify metabolic pathways and increase the production of secondary metabolites, including polysaccharides (Idigova et al., 2023). These technological advancements have made the fermentation process more efficient and controllable, laying the foundation for large-scale production in the future. 6.2 Directions for technological innovation and production optimization Future technological innovations may focus more on optimizing fermentation conditions and adopting some more advanced biotechnology strategies. For instance, studies have shown that the use of stimulants such as Tween 80 and vitamin B6 can significantly increase the production of polysaccharides in Cordyceps militaris cells, which also provides a new idea for improving production efficiency (He and Liao, 2024). In addition, if combined with the solid-state fermentation technology based on rice, not only can the polysaccharide content be increased, but also its antioxidant activity can be enhanced, which provides the possibility for the development of products that focus more on health functions (Bertocci et al., 2021). All these directions actually indicate that only by continuously innovating in fermentation technology can the yield and biological activity be increased to a higher level. 6.3 Prospects for sustainable and green production models Nowadays, more and more people are paying attention to whether the production of Cordyceps polysaccharides can be more sustainable and environmentally friendly. For example, some practices use agricultural waste as the
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