Computational Molecular Biology 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 38-52 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/cmb 43 Figure 2 Phenotypic observation and qPCR validation of 35S::BnGF14-2c transgenic rapeseed. Two positive BnGF14-2c transgenic lines (OE21#, OE22#) and wild type (93275) were selected and analyzed in the greenhouse at 22 °C-24 °C with 55% relative humidity under long-day (LD) conditions (16 h light/8 h dark). (a): Phenotypic differences in flowering between 35S::BnGF14-2c transgenic plants and wild-type plants. Photographs were taken at 85 day-after-sowing. (b): Expression analysis of BnGF14-2c by qRT-PCR. (c): The statistical analysis of the flowering time (day-after-sowing) in T3 35S::BnGF14-2c transgenic plants and wild-type plants. (d): The number of rosette leaves in T3 35S::BnGF14-2c in transgenic plants and wild-type plants at 85 day-after-sowing. All the experiments were repeated for three times. Asterisk ‘**’ indicates extremely significant differences (p < 0.01, Student’s t-test) between the transgenic lines and WT (Adopted from Fan et al., 2022) The driving forces behind plant flowering are not just a few "star" transcription factors. The C2H2 zinc finger protein family is a low-key yet powerful role (Lyu and Cao, 2018). They can not only adjust chromatin structure but also interact with hormone pathways, participating in the entire process from flowering induction to flower organ maturation. Interestingly, these proteins are particularly active in pollen and pistil development and can be regarded as "experts" in reproductive development. Even more amazing are those tiny mirnas (Luo et al., 2013). Despite their small size, they are highly conserved in various plants and specifically regulate the critical transition from vegetative growth to flowering. These findings suggest that the development of floral organs is not accomplished by just a few genes, but rather a symphony played by multiple mechanisms including chromatin modification, hormone signaling and small RNA regulation.
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