Computational Molecular Biology 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 202-210 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/cmb 206 of how new genes contribute to development and adaptation (Moutinho et al., 2022). These studies highlight the importance of new gene recruitment in shaping the genetic landscape and driving evolutionary change. Figure 2 Cell proliferation, recruitment helps with growth, but cannot save the size of adult wings (Adopted from Muñoz-Nava et al., 2020) 5.3 New gene recruitment inArabidopsis In Arabidopsis, the recruitment of new genes has been shown to significantly impact genomic patterns of polymorphism and divergence. Unlike Drosophila, Arabidopsis exhibits different patterns of sequence variation, with synonymous divergence being a major predictor of silent polymorphism. This suggests that variation in mutation rates is a key determinant of silent variation in Arabidopsis (Slotte et al., 2011). The adaptive walk model of gene evolution has been supported by studies in Arabidopsis. Young genes in Arabidopsis tend to evolve faster and experience mutations with stronger fitness effects compared to older genes. This pattern is consistent with the idea that populations evolve by taking larger steps when they are further from their fitness optimum (Jean-Baptiste et al., 2019). These findings provide strong evidence for the role of new gene recruitment in driving adaptation and evolutionary change in Arabidopsis. 6 Technological Advances in Studying New Genes 6.1 Genomics and transcriptomics technologies 6.1.1 High-throughput sequencing for gene discovery High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics by enabling the rapid and comprehensive analysis of genetic material. These technologies have facilitated the discovery of new genes
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