Computational Molecular Biology 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 191-201 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/cmb 199 in the ABA signaling pathway, calcium signaling, and cell wall metabolism, has provided potential biomarkers for drought tolerance. The integration of proteomics and bioinformatics has proven to be an effective interdisciplinary approach for elucidating the intricate mechanisms underlying drought stress in rice. Proteomic techniques, including label-free shotgun proteomics and 2D-PAGE, have enabled the identification and quantification of drought-responsive proteins across different rice genotypes. Bioinformatics tools, including GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis, have further elucidated the functional roles of these proteins in drought tolerance. This interdisciplinary approach has not only enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying drought stress but also facilitated the identification of potential candidate genes for genetic improvement. The future of drought tolerance studies in rice will depend on the continued integration of advanced proteomic and bioinformatic techniques. The identification of key proteins that respond to drought conditions and their associated pathways provides a foundation for developing drought-tolerant rice varieties through genetic engineering and breeding programs. As climate change continues to pose significant challenges to global rice production, interdisciplinary research combining proteomics, bioinformatics, and genetic engineering will be crucial in developing resilient rice varieties capable of withstanding drought stress. Acknowledgments We extend our sincere thanks to two anonymous peer reviewers for their invaluable feedback on the initial draft of this paper, whose critical evaluations and constructive suggestions have greatly contributed to the improvement of our manuscript. Funding This work was supported by grants from the Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Project (grant nos. 202207AA110010) and the Key and Major Science and Technology Projects of Yunnan (grant nos. 202202AE09002102). Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Agrawal L., Gupta S., Mishra S.K., Pandey G., Kumar S., Chauhan P.S., Chakrabarty D., and Nautiyal C.S., 2016, Elucidation of complex nature of PEG induced drought-stress response in rice root using comparative proteomics approach, Frontiers in Plant Science, 7: 1466. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01466 Ali G., and Komatsu S.,2006, Proteomic analysis of rice leaf sheath during drought stress, Journal of proteome Research, 5(2): 396-403. https://doi.org/10.1021/PR050291G Bai L.W., Liu J., Dai L.F., Deng Q.W., Chen Y.L., Xie J.K., and Luo X.D., 2021, Identification and characterisation of cold stress-related proteins in Oryza rufipogon at the seedling stage using label-free quantitative proteomic analysis, Functional Plant Biology: FPB, 48(5): 542-555. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP20046 Bian Y.W., Deng X., Yan X., Zhou J.X., Yuan L.L., and Yan Y.M., 2017, Integrated proteomic analysis of Brachypodium distachyon roots and leaves reveals a synergistic network in the response to drought stress and recovery, Scientific Reports, 7(1): 46183. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46183 Chandramouli K., and Qian P.Y., 2009, Proteomics: challenges techniques and possibilities to overcome biological sample complexity, Hum Genomics Proteomics: HGP, 2009: 239204. https://doi.org/ 10.4061/2009/239204 Chen K., Li G.J., Bressan R.A., Song C.P., Zhu J.K., and Zhao Y., 2020, Abscisic acid dynamics signaling and functions in plants, Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 62(1): 25-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12899 Dong T., Park Y.M., and Hwang I.,2015, Abscisic acid: biosynthesis inactivation homoeostasis and signalling, Essays in Biochemistry, 58: 29-48. https://doi.org/10.1042/bse058002 Hamzelou S., Pascovici D., Kamath K.S., Amirkhani A., McKay M., Mirzaei M., Atwell B.J., and Haynes P.A., 2020, Proteomic responses to drought vary widely among eight diverse genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa), International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(1): 363. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010363 Han B., Ma X., Cui D., Geng L., Cao G., Zhang H., and Han L., 2020, Parallel reaction monitoring revealed tolerance to drought proteins in weedy rice (Oryza sativa f, spontanea), Scientific Reports, 10(1): 12935. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69739-9 Hao Z., Ma S., Liang L., Feng T., Xiong M., Lian S., Zhu J., Chen Y., Meng L., and Li M., 2022, Candidate genes and pathways in rice co-responding to drought and salt identified by gcHap network, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(7): 4016. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23074016
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