Computational Molecular Biology 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 1-8 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/cmb 3 steroid hormone receptors (APOE), and others. Mutations or variations in these genes may lead to abnormal aggregation of amyloid and neuronal damage, ultimately leading to cognitive decline. 1.3 Genome-related Alzheimer's disease gene In past studies, several genes have been identified as associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease. With technological advancements, large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many new genes associated with Alzheimer's disease risk (Figure 1) (Bellenguez et al., 2022). Figure 1 Gene prioritization of related dementias (ADD) (Bellenguez et al., 2022) The APOE (apolipoprotein E) gene is one of the most closely associated genes with Alzheimer's disease. The ε4 allele of this gene is widely recognized as a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Its mutant form is associated with increased amyloid deposition in the brain and neuronal damage, increasing the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The CLU (Clusterin) gene encodes the clusterin protein, which is involved in amyloid deposition and clearance in the brain. Multiple studies have found that variations in the CLU gene are associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Clusterin is thought to play an important role in anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective functions in the brain, and its abnormalities can lead to inflammatory responses and neuronal death. The PICALM (Phosphatidylinositol Binding Clathrin Assembly Protein) gene encodes a protein that is involved in intracellular organelle transport in neurons. Variations in the PICALM gene are associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, possibly due to its role in promoting amyloid clearance and regulating neuronal survival (Ando et al., 2022).
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