Computational Molecular Biology 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 1-8 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/cmb 2 With the continuous progress of high-throughput sequencing technology, researchers can more comprehensively interpret individual genomes and identify genetic variations associated with Alzheimer's disease. Genomic prediction has achieved some encouraging results in other disease areas, such as breast cancer and diabetes, providing reference and inspiration for the study of Alzheimer's disease. The purpose of this review is to systematically summarize the association studies between genomic prediction and the development of Alzheimer's disease, deeply analyze the main findings of existing literature, and explore future directions in this research field. This review will review the methods and applications of genomic prediction, focusing on the identified genetic variations associated with Alzheimer's disease and how these variations affect the development of the disease. Through this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the genetics of Alzheimer's disease to the scientific community, and explore the potential applications of genomic prediction in early diagnosis, risk assessment, and personalized treatment. Ultimately, we hope to provide new theoretical support and research directions for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. 1 Genomics and The Concept of Alzheimer's Disease 1.1 Definition of genomics Genomics, as a discipline that studies the entire genome, is an important branch in the field of biology (McGuire et al., 2020). The genome is the collection of all genes within an organism, and genes are DNA fragments that carry genetic information and are responsible for encoding proteins or regulating the expression of other genes. With the rapid development of technology, especially the application of high-throughput sequencing technology, it has become possible to fully understand the structure and function of the genome. The human genome consists of approximately 300 million base pairs and contains more than 20,000 genes. These genes carry instructions necessary for building and maintaining life, and their normal function is crucial for individual health. One of the main goals of genomics is to understand the arrangement, function, and interrelationships of genes in the genome. Whole-genome sequencing determines the location of genes, the proteins they encode, and regulatory elements that control gene expression. This provides researchers with an opportunity to delve deeper into the genome to reveal the molecular basis of various physiological and pathological processes in the body (Hu et al., 2021). In the study of Alzheimer's disease, the application of genomics can provide a more comprehensive understanding of patients' genetic information, especially those genetic variations associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease. By comparing the genomes of patients with those of healthy controls, scientists can identify specific genes, genomic regions, and variant types associated with Alzheimer's disease risk. These genomic findings provide powerful tools for Alzheimer's disease research, enabling researchers to delve deeper into the genetic basis, biological mechanisms, and potential therapeutic targets. 1.2 Genetic basis of Alzheimer's disease The genetic basis of Alzheimer's disease is complex and diverse, involving the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors (Santos et al., 2020). The study of genetic factors helps to identify specific genes associated with Alzheimer's disease, providing important information for genomic prediction. Studies have found that some forms of Alzheimer's disease have a family history, indicating the role of genetics in the development of the disease. Although most cases are considered to be polygenic, there are also some forms of familial Alzheimer's disease that are associated with single-gene mutations, such as early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, has received extensive attention in terms of its genetic basis (Knopman et al., 2021). The genetic basis mainly involves genes related to amyloid precursor protein (APP),
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