Computational Molecular Biology 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 36-44 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/cmb 36 Review and Progress Open Access Role of Proteomics in Unraveling Bacterial Virulence in Rice Jianquan Li Hainan Institute of Troppical Agricultural Resources (HITAR), Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China Corresponding email: jianquanli@hitar.org Computational Molecular Biology, 2024, Vol.14, No.1 doi: 10.5376/cmb.2024.14.0005 Received: 08 Jan., 2024 Accepted: 12 Feb., 2024 Published: 25 Feb., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Li, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Li J.Q., 2024, Role of proteomics in unraveling bacterial virulence in rice, Computational Molecular Biology, 14(1): 36-44 (doi: 10.5376/cmb.2024.14.0005) Abstract Rice stands as a pivotal global staple, underpinning the sustenance of billions. However, its production is critically hampered by bacterial diseases, which pose substantial threats to food security. This systematic review delves into the vital role of proteomics in understanding bacterial virulence and its interactions with rice, highlighting the indispensable need for advanced proteomic techniques to address these challenges. Employing methods such as mass spectrometry and two-dimensional electrophoresis, this review consolidates key findings including the identification of specific virulence factors and detailed insights into host-pathogen dynamics. These proteomic methodologies have illuminated the pathogenic processes affecting rice, paving the way for targeted interventions. The implications of these findings are profound, offering potential strategies for the development of disease-resistant rice varieties and thus enhancing agricultural productivity. However, the field faces ongoing challenges such as the complexity of proteomic data and the need for enhanced sensitivity and specificity in detecting virulence factors. Future directions include refining proteomic techniques and integrating multi-omics approaches to foster a holistic understanding of bacterial pathogenesis in rice. This review underscores the transformative potential of proteomics in revolutionizing rice pathology for improved crop resilience and yield. Keywords Proteomics; Bacterial virulence; Rice diseases; Host-pathogen interactions; Disease resistance Rice is one of the most important staple crops worldwide, serving as a primary food source for more than half of the global population. Its cultivation and production are critical for food security, particularly in Asia, Africa, and Latin America (Wu et al., 2008). However, the productivity and quality of rice are severely threatened by various bacterial diseases, which can lead to significant yield losses and compromise the livelihoods of millions of farmers. Understanding and mitigating the impact of these pathogens is therefore a key challenge in agricultural science and food security efforts. Proteomics, the large-scale study of proteins, has emerged as a powerful tool in the biological sciences. It allows for the comprehensive analysis of the proteome, which is the entire set of proteins expressed by an organism, tissue, or cell at a certain time. In the context of plant pathology, proteomics can provide insights into the complex interactions between rice plants and bacterial pathogens (Tjalsma et al., 2004). By identifying and characterizing the proteins involved in virulence, host defense, and the response to infection, researchers can uncover the molecular mechanisms that underlie disease development and progression (Hecker and Engelmann, 2000). The data presented in this review are drawn from a range of studies that have employed various proteomic techniques to investigate bacterial pathogens. These include the discovery of virulence factors through comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, the identification of protein biomarkers for virulent bacterial isolates, and the use of targeted proteomics for studying bacteria-host interactions (Saleh et al., 2019). The application of proteomics in clinical microbiology and the study of antimicrobial resistance further underscores the versatility of this approach in addressing complex biological questions. Finally, the review will consider how proteomics has contributed to our understanding of microbial pathogenesis and the identification of new drug targets and vaccine candidates. This review aims to explore how proteomics can reveal the virulence mechanisms of bacterial pathogens affecting rice crops, integrate current research, demonstrate how to use proteomics technology to study rice bacterial
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