Computational Molecular Biology 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 28-35 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/cmb 33 oncogenes or proteins that can serve as potential drug targets. Subsequently, using network biology experimental validation methods, such as gene knockdown or protein interference techniques, these targets can be further confirmed, providing crucial evidence for subsequent drug design (Giurgiu et al., 2019). Figure 2 Comparison of host-coronavirus protein interaction networks to reveal pan-viral disease mechanisms (David et al., 2020) Image caption: Left: Virus-human protein-protein interaction network mapping, viral protein location studies, and functional genetic screening provide key insights into the shared and individual characteristics of each virus; right: Structural studies and hypothesis testing in clinical datasets demonstrate the utility of this approach in prioritizing treatment strategies (Adopted from David et al., 2020) 3.3.2 Study of drug action mechanisms Network biology is used to study the specific mechanisms of drug action within a biological organism. For example, in the development of a new antibiotic, network biology can help researchers analyze how the drug interacts with the biomolecular networks within bacteria, thereby inhibiting bacterial growth. By constructing drug-target interaction network models, researchers can predict the biological processes that may be affected by the drug and verify its effects in actual biological organisms (Yang et al., 2020). 3.3.3 Drug optimization and side effect prediction In the later stages of drug development, network biology can be used to optimize drug dosage and predict potential side effects. By analyzing the impact of different drug doses on biomolecular networks using network biology methods, researchers can determine the optimal dose range to balance treatment effectiveness and side effects. Additionally, by analyzing the drug's impact on multiple targets within the biological network, potential side effects can be predicted, and risk assessments can be made before clinical trials (Akdel et al., 2020). 3.3.4 Personalized medication guidance Network biology can combine individual genomic information to provide guidance for personalized medication. By analyzing individual gene mutations and protein expression profiles, network biology can predict individual
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