Bioscience Methods 2026, Vol.17, No.1, 57-66 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 64 aspects are working simultaneously, resulting in a unit area yield that is much higher than the traditional method. Superior varieties and grafting raise the potential of the crops first, while dense planting, water and fertilizer management, and environmental management further release the production capacity. Green control measures combined with intelligent equipment make the production more stable and management more effortless. While increasing yields, the utilization rate of resources and product quality have also improved. Of course, these technologies cannot be used randomly. They require higher operational skills and management capabilities from growers, and training and services need to keep up as well. Overall, this technical system is changing the production methods of cucumbers, and has practical significance for stable supply and increased income. Although cucumber high-yield technologies are being used more and more, problems have not completely disappeared during the promotion process. When continuous cropping occurs in facilities for a long time, the soil is prone to accumulate salt and become acidic, beneficial microorganisms decrease, and the problem of continuous cropping remains a long-standing challenge. Pest and disease control is also not easy. With the reduction in pesticide usage, there is still room for improvement in the effectiveness of biological control. Viral diseases and resistance issues often cause pressure. Looking at the investment aspect, the costs of intelligent equipment and automation technologies are not low. Many small and medium-sized growers find it difficult to accept them at first, and the promotion is thus limited. In production, the pruning and harvesting stages still highly rely on manual labor. When there is a shortage of labor, it will get stuck. In addition, with the increase in extreme weather and insufficient understanding of the high-yield mechanism, these have brought new challenges to continuous yield increase. These still require continuous exploration and improvement through practice and research. Looking ahead, the path for high-yield cucumber cultivation is gradually becoming clearer and is increasingly in line with actual production. In terms of breeding, genetic research is deepening, and some new methods are being used to directly improve plant shape, female flower characteristics, and stress resistance. While increasing yields, quality is also taken into consideration. In production, high-intensity chemical inputs will gradually be replaced, and organic fertilizers, biological control, and recycling will become more common. Smart agriculture is no longer just a demonstration. The Internet of Things and artificial intelligence are entering ordinary greenhouses, and automatic harvesting and pest control equipment will become increasingly mature. Coupled with the development of urban agriculture, vertical planting, and low-carbon greenhouses, high-yield cucumbers are expected to find a more suitable balance between increased production, environmental protection, and economic benefits. Acknowledgments We express our heartfelt gratitude to the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Bale J.S., van Lenteren J.C., and Bigler F., 2008, Biological control and sustainable food production, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363(1492): 761-776. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2182 Gianco F., Abdalla M.Y., and El-Gazzar A., 2019, Grafting improves fruit yield of cucumber plants grown under saline conditions, Agriculture, 7(3): 61. https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/3/61 Gisi U., Sierotzki H., Cook A., and McCaffery A., 2018, Mechanisms influencing the evolution of resistance to Qo inhibitor fungicides, Pest Management Science, 74(3): 573-582. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.4816 Hidangmayum A., Dwivedi P., Katiyar D., and Hemantaranjan A., 2019, Application of chitosan on plant responses with special reference to abiotic stress, Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 25(2): 313-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-019-00668-1 Kang M., Lee J.E., Sohn S., Kim J., Park J., and Lee I.B., 2024, Estimation of cucumber net primary production using environmental and control information in a smart greenhouse, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 208: 108819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2024.108819
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