Bioscience Methods 2026, Vol.17, No.1, 32-42 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 41 deep qualities of fruits (such as aroma substances, nutritional components) and internal physiological mechanisms (such as carbohydrate distribution, changes in endogenous hormones, etc.). Subsequent research can strengthen the measurement of these aspects to reveal a clearer causal relationship between pruning measures and fruit quality and tree physiology. Moreover, with the development of orchard management technologies, future studies can explore the use of sensor monitoring, big data analysis, and artificial intelligence technologies to optimize winter pruning decisions. For example, applying machine vision to assess the density of tree crown branches and leaves to assist in judging the pruning intensity, or developing kiwifruit winter pruning robots to improve the accuracy and efficiency of pruning. In conclusion, more in-depth and systematic research is needed to address these shortcomings, providing more scientific and comprehensive theoretical guidance for winter pruning management of kiwifruit, and promoting the kiwifruit industry towards a direction of high quality, efficiency, and sustainability. Acknowledgments The author is particularly grateful to the two anonymous peer reviewers for their thorough evaluation of the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Al-Saif A., Abdel-Aziz H.F., Khalifa S., Elnaggar I., Abd El-wahed A.N.A., Farouk M., Hamdy A., 2023, Pruning boosts growth, yield, and fruit quality of old Valencia orange trees: A field study, Agriculture, 13(9): 1756. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091756 Anderson N., Walsh K., Wulfsohn D., 2021, Technologies for forecasting tree fruit load and harvest timing—from ground, sky and time, Agronomy, 11(7): 1370. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071370 Angami T., Kalita H., Chandra A., Kumar J., Makdoh B., Singh K.S., Touthang L., 2022, Augmenting the production and quality of kiwifruit var. Allison through manual thinning and pruning, emergent Life Sciences Research, 8(1): 18–28. https://doi.org/10.31783/elsr.2022.811828 Bacelar E., Pinto T., Anjos R., Morais M.C., Oliveira I., Vilela A., Cosme F., 2024, Impacts of climate change and mitigation strategies for some abiotic and biotic constraints influencing fruit growth and quality, Plants, 13(13): 1884. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13131884 Balık S., Kaya T., Aslantaş R., 2023, Fruit quality parameters, sugars, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, organic acids, and phenolic compounds for a new endemic apple variety, “LongApple”, Horticulturae, 9(11): 1171. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9111171 Barcia F., Prieto J., Trentacoste E., 2023, Effects of mechanical box pruning intensity on bud development, vegetative growth, and yield components on cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon in Mendoza, Argentina, OENO One, 57(3): 165-183. https://doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2023.57.3.7513 Benzina S., Harizia A., Elouissi A., Canelo T., Bonal R., 2023, Effects of winter pruning intensity on the interactions between the apple tree and rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea, Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 130(4): 861-872. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-023-00760-7 Bevacqua D., Melià P., Cividini M., Mattioli F., Lescourret F., Génard M., Casagrandi R., 2021, A parsimonious mechanistic model of reproductive and vegetative growth in fruit trees predicts consequences of fruit thinning and branch pruning, Tree Physiology, 41(9): 1612-1626. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa170 Bound S.A., 2022, Crop load management in Nashi pear-A review, Horticulturae, 8(10): 861. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100861 Costa G., Vizzotto G., Testolin R., 2004, Influence of pruning on flowering and fruit set in apple trees, Fruits, 59(2): 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1051/fruits:2004013 Fallahi E., Colt W.M., Fallahi B., Chun I.J., 2002, The severity of dormant pruning influences yield, fruit quality, and leaf mineral nutrients of ‘Fuji’ apple, Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25(6): 1213–1227. https://doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120004382 Gao B., Yuan S., Guo Y., Zhao Z., 2022, Potential geographical distribution of Actinidia spp. and its predominant indices under climate change, Ecological Informatics, 69: 101648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101648 Holz Í.R., Fischer L.O., Bergmann A.R., Herter F., Pasa M.S., Mello-Farias P., 2025, Productive performance and quality of blueberry fruits subjected to rejuvenation pruning, Brazilian Journal of Biology, 85: e259597. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.259597
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