Bioscience Methods 2026, Vol.17, No.1, 32-42 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 33 fruiting sites; light pruning, due to the retention of more branch and bud nodes, causes the fruiting sites to gradually move outward, and the tree is prone to weakening due to excessive load (Bound, 2022). Therefore, winter pruning plays an important role in balancing the structure of kiwifruit trees and regulating their fruiting habits. Currently, the intensity of winter pruning in production is mostly determined based on experience, which may lead to two extreme situations: overly heavy pruning results in insufficient fruiting branches and reduced yield, while overly light pruning causes dense branches and leaves and poor fruit quality. Exploring the effects of different winter pruning intensities on the formation of fruiting branches and fruit quality of kiwifruit is of great significance. On one hand, it can clarify the physiological mechanism by which pruning intensity affects fruiting habits and fruit development, providing a basis for scientific pruning; on the other hand, by comparing the changes in yield and quality under different intensities, it can guide fruit farmers to select appropriate pruning levels (Patiyal et al., 2024). Therefore, this study sets up different winter pruning intensity treatments to evaluate their effects on the proportion of fruiting branches, fruit quality, and yield stability of kiwifruit, and selects the optimized pruning strategy to achieve coordinated improvement of yield and quality in kiwifruit orchards. 2 Research on Winter Pruning Techniques for Kiwifruit at Home and Abroad 2.1 Research progress on winter pruning techniques of kiwifruit in domestic and foreign countries Countries that are major producers of kiwifruit, such as New Zealand and Italy, have established relatively complete winter pruning systems (Patterson et al., 2011). For instance, New Zealand uses "T"-shaped trellises and other pruning methods, and through winter pruning, it controls the number of buds per plant to balance yield and quality; research in Italy also indicates that moderate pruning can increase the fruit commercial rate and dry matter content (Figure 1) (Shu et al., 2023). Figure 1 Summary of metabolome and transcriptome data sets. (a) Phenotypic changes in kiwifruits (Actinidia chinensis cv Hongyang) at 11 different fruit developmental and ripening stages (FDRSs). Intact and sectioned kiwifruits were photographed at 10, 25, 40, 55, 70, 85, 100, 115, 130, 145, and 170 d postanthesis (DPA). Bar, 1 cm. (b, c) Cluster analysis for metabolomes (b) and transcriptomes (c). The color scales 0-1 represent Pearson correlation coefficient. (d, e) Principal component analysis for metabolomes (d) and transcriptomes (e). Kiwifruits at the 11 FDRSs can be categorized into three major Groups I, II, and III based on purple, green, or yellow phenotypes in pericarps (a), metabolomes (b, d), and transcriptomes (c, e) (Adopted from Shu et al., 2023)
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