BM_2025v16n6

Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.6, 270-279 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 2 79 Urmi T., Rahman M., Islam M., Islam M., Jahan N., Mia M., Akhter S., Siddiqui M., and Kalaji H., 2022, Integrated nutrient management for rice yield soil fertility and carbon sequestration, Plants, 11(1): 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11010138 Wang J., Zhang X., Yuan M., Wu G., and Sun Y., 2023, Effects of partial replacement of nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer on rice growth nitrogen utilization efficiency and soil properties in the Yangtze River Basin, Life, 13(3): 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13030624 Wang W., Shen C., Xu Q., Zafar S., Du B., and Xing D., 2022, Grain yield nitrogen use efficiency and antioxidant enzymes of rice under different fertilizer N inputs and planting density, Agronomy, 12(2): 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020430 Wei H., Meng T., Ge J., Zhang X., Shi T., Ding E., Lu Y., Li X., Tao Y., Chen Y., Li M., and Dai Q., 2021, Reduced nitrogen application rate with dense planting improves rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency: a case study in east China, Crop Journal, 9(4): 954-961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2020.10.013 Wei X., Zhao Q., Zhao C., Zhang Y., Chen T., Zhu Z., Lu K., He L., Zhou L., Huang S., Li Y., Wang C., and Zhang Y., 2025, Moderate nitrogen application synergistically improved yield and quality of Nanjing series japonica rice varieties with good taste, Plants, 14(6): 940. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14060940 Wu L., Yuan S., Huang L., Sun F., Zhu G., Li G., Fahad S., Peng S., and Wang F., 2016, Physiological mechanisms underlying the high-grain yield and high-nitrogen use efficiency of elite rice varieties under a low rate of nitrogen application in China, Frontiers in Plant Science, 7: 1024. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01024 Xie Q., Yao X., Yang Y., Li D., and Qi J., 2025, Effects of deep application of fertilizer on soil carbon and nitrogen functions in rice paddies, Agronomy, 15(4): 938. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15040938 Xin W., Zheng H., Yang L., Xie S., Xia S., Wang J., Wang M., Liu Y., Zou D., Liu H., and Wang J., 2025, Genome-wide association studies identify OsNLP6 as a key regulator of nitrogen use efficiency in rice, Plant Biotechnology Journal, 23(11): 4681-5350. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70296 Xu T., Zhang H., Gong J., Wang L., Wang Y., Qiu W., Liu M., Li S., Fei Y., Ni X., and Yi J., 2025, Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer rate and investigating mechanism driving grain yield increase for rice in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Plants, 14(15): 2326. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152326 Zhang K., Liang X., Zhang Y., Liu X., Cao Q., Zhu Y., Cao W., Chen D., and Tian Y., 2023, Unveiling the environmental and socioeconomic benefits of precision nitrogen management for paddy fields in subtropical China, European Journal of Agronomy, 142: 126663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2022.126663 Zhang Q., Sun J., Wang L., Chen J., Ke J., and Wu L., 2025, Effects of nitrogen application at different panicle development stages on the panicle structure and grain yield in hybrid Indica rice cultivars, Agronomy, 15(3): 595. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15030595 Zhou G., Wei C., Li P., and Liang H., 2024, Modeling the effect of milk vetch–rice rotation on N runoff loss in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Plants, 13(22): 3160. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13223160 Zhu H., He X., Wang X., and Long P., 2024, Increasing hybrid rice yield water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency: optimization strategies for irrigation and fertilizer management, Plants, 13(12): 1717. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13121717 Zhu H., Wen T., Sun M., Ali I., Sheteiwy M., Wahab A., Tan W., Wen C., He X., and Wang X., 2023, Enhancing rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency through optimal planting density and reduced nitrogen rates, Agronomy, 13(5): 1387. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051387 Zhu X.Y., 2025, Impact of rice-fish integrated farming systems on rice yield: ecological benefits and economic returns, Rice Genomics and Genetics, 16(3): 132-139. https://doi.org/10.5376/rgg.2025.16.0012

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