Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 254-261 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 258 retain water is particularly important. Forage peas and wild peas can not only help the land retain more water, but also improve the soil structure. Therefore, they are very suitable for promotion in these rain-fed areas. Using them as green manure can also make the yield in the land more stable and the land easier to recover. In general, these green manure crops have a promising future in dryland agriculture in northern China. Figure 2 The growth of colored rice at the tillering stage after the incorporation of different green manures in the field. T0: Colored rice cultivated with previous fallow; T1: Colored rice cultivated with previous rice straw manure; T2: Colored rice cultivated with previous sesbania straw manure; T3: Colored rice cultivated with previous stylosanthes straw manure (Adopted from Song et al., 2024) 6.3 Comparative analysis of green manure species on crop yield and soil effects Not all green manures are the same. One study tried several perennial legume green manures in organic rice fields: Leucaena leucocephala and Sesbania grandiflora. The results showed that Leucaena leucocephala had the best yield increase effect as long as the dosage was appropriate. Comprehensive analyses across the country have also shown that leguminous green manures can increase rice, wheat, and corn yields as long as crop rotations are properly arranged. In addition, leguminous green manures such as hairy vetch can also increase soil enzyme activity related to nitrogen and phosphorus cycles compared to non-leguminous green manures, indicating that they are more helpful to soil nutrient cycles (Khan et al., 2020). 7 Concluding Remarks Adding green manure to legume rotation can improve yields, soil fertility and environmental performance for several years in a row. Green manures such as wild peas, lupines, peas and alfalfa can provide more nitrogen and phosphorus for the next crop, and can also increase the organic matter and water retention capacity of the soil. In this way, less chemical fertilizers are used, costs are reduced, and nutrient loss and greenhouse gas emissions are reduced. Green manure also increases the number of good bacteria in the soil, further helping to protect the soil and increase yields. To maximize the benefits of green manure, you can choose suitable legumes according to the local climate and soil to ensure that they can grow enough biomass. For plots where the nutrients in the soil are not low, green manure can be used together with a small amount of chemical fertilizer. If you want to make the fertility more stable, you can also make green manure into compost before using it, so that the nitrogen is released more evenly and the nutrients are not easy to escape. Farmers need to be taught more about how to use green manure, such as when to turn it into the soil and how to arrange crop rotation. Next, the research can focus on three things: Conduct long-term, regional trials to find the most suitable green manure types and management methods in each region. In-depth research on the relationship between green manure and soil microorganisms and nutrient cycles to see how they affect each other. Evaluate the economic and
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