Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 254-261 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 254 Feature Review Open Access Study on the Effects of Green Manure Application in Legume Crop Rotation Dandan Huang Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China Corresponding email: dandan.huang@hibio.org Bioscience Methods, 2025, Vol.16, No.5 doi: 10.5376/bm.2025.16.0024 Received: 06 Aug., 2025 Accepted: 17 Sep., 2025 Published: 09 Oct., 2025 Copyright © 2025 Huang, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Huang D.D., 2025, Study on the effects of green manure application in legume crop rotation, Bioscience Methods, 16(5): 254-261 (doi: 10.5376/bm.2025.16.0024) Abstract As a sustainable agricultural input, green manure has attracted wide attention in the application of legume rotation system in recent years. This study systematically analyzed the application effect of green manure in legume rotation, aiming to clarify its comprehensive impact on crop yield, soil fertility and microbial community, and improve the ecological service function of the rotation system. Through case studies, the performance of different types of green manure (such as astragalus, vetch, and oat) in rotation was compared, focusing on the nitrogen supply capacity, changes in soil organic matter content, and the response of rhizosphere microbial diversity. The results showed that the rational application of green manure not only significantly increased the yield of legume crops, but also improved the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and promoted the enrichment of microbial diversity and beneficial communities. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for promoting the efficient use of green manure in legume rotation, and promoting the construction of a green agricultural system. Keywords Green manure; Legume rotation; Soil fertility; Microbial community; Nitrogen supply 1 Introduction Leguminous crop rotation is a green agricultural method that many people now advocate. This method not only makes farmland healthier, but also helps farmers reduce their dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Because leguminous plants can "lock" nitrogen from the air into the soil, it can also improve the nutrient cycle of the soil (Akshit et al., 2024). It can also break the pest and disease problems that are always easily caused by monoculture, allowing crops to grow more stably and maintain yields for longer. Leguminous plants rotate to help the soil retain carbon and nitrogen, which is particularly useful for maintaining fertility. Green manure, especially green manure made from leguminous plants, has many benefits to the soil. It can increase soil nutrients, such as nitrogen, and increase the organic matter in the soil, making the land more "vigorous". These benefits can also allow us to use less fertilizer and protect the environment (Liu et al., 2024). Green manures can also increase enzyme activity in the soil, help beneficial microorganisms grow, and make the soil more water-retaining (Pál and Zsombik, 2022). With these help, crops are more likely to grow well and have higher yields. Green manures can also improve degraded land and replenish lost nutrients, which is very helpful for long-term farming (Yang et al., 2023). Although the benefits of legume green manures in crop rotations have been well documented, there are still gaps in understanding the specific mechanisms by which green manures affect soil biochemical processes, nutrient cycling, and crop productivity under different environmental and management conditions. This study will systematically evaluate the effects of green manures in legume crop rotation systems, focusing on their effects on soil health, nutrient dynamics, and yields. And provide recommendations to optimize the use of green manures to improve sustainability and productivity in different agricultural environments. 2 Green Manure Resources and Nutrient Traits 2.1 Common species and biomass potential Common leguminous green manures include alfalfa, astragalus, lupine, sword bean, pigeon pea and calamus. These plants grow fast and have strong adaptability to the environment, so they are often used in the fields. Like wild lupine, it can produce 2.9 to 8.2 tons of dry matter per hectare, which can add a lot of organic matter to the
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