Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 246-253 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 251 These practices can be used in many places. Whether it is a dry place like the southwest, or a Mediterranean climate or humid area, you can try it. As long as the soil moisture content and root water absorption are well managed, the drip irrigation system works in water-scarce or rainy areas. If the soil is fragile or degraded, it is also good to use organic fertilizer and no-till methods, which not only have high yields but also protect the environment. In addition, new technologies such as photovoltaic irrigation are also worth a try, especially in places with sufficient sunshine and suitable terrain, where there are more development prospects. Future research can also start from several directions. First, we need to figure out the critical point of water and fertilizer shortage in each region and find the most appropriate management method, which will not waste resources and can achieve stable and high yields. Secondly, more advanced technologies can be used, such as soil moisture sensors and nutrient monitoring devices, to make planting more precise. Third, more research should be done on the long-term effects of organic fertilizers and comprehensive fertilization on soil, microorganisms and the entire ecology. Fourth, it is also possible to analyze whether it is cost-effective to use renewable energy for irrigation in different environments. Finally, it is necessary to understand how irrigation, fertilization and climate change affect each other. Only by constantly exploring methods suitable for each place can kiwifruit cultivation be both high-yield and environmentally friendly. Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr. W. Zhang for this assistance with the serious reading and helpful discussions during the course of this work. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abioye E., Abidin M., Mahmud M., Buyamin S., Ishak M., Rahman M., Otuoze A., Onotu P., and Ramli M., 2020, A review on monitoring and advanced control strategies for precision irrigation, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 173: 105441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105441 Benzaouia M., Hajji B., Mellit A., and Rabhi A., 2023, Fuzzy-IoT smart irrigation system for precision scheduling and monitoring, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 215: 108407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2023.108407 Bukhari M., Athar S., Ullah M., and Aman M., 2024, A fuzzy-logic-based smart irrigation controller for precision agriculture, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 11(22): 37257-37268. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2024.3440200 Bwambale E., Abagale F., and Anornu G., 2023, Data-driven model predictive control for precision irrigation management, Smart Agricultural Technology, 3: 100074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2022.100074 Calabritto M., Mininni A., Di Biase R., Petrozza A., Summerer S., Cellini F., and Dichio B., 2025, Physiological and image-based phenotyping assessment of waterlogging responses of three kiwifruit rootstocks and grafting combinations, Frontiers in Plant Science, 16: 1499432. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1499432 Calabritto M., Mininni A., Di Biase R., Pietrafesa A., and Dichio B., 2024, Spatio-temporal dynamics of root water uptake and identification of soil moisture thresholds for precision irrigation in a Mediterranean yellow-fleshed kiwifruit orchard, Frontiers in Plant Science, 15: 1472093. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1472093 Chen R., Chang H., Wang Z., and Lin H., 2023, Determining organic-inorganic fertilizer application threshold to maximize the yield and quality of drip-irrigated grapes in an extremely arid area of Xinjiang, China, Agricultural Water Management, 276: 108070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.108070 Cui J., Zhu R., Wang X., Xu X., Ai C., He P., Liang G., Zhou W., and Zhu P., 2021, Effect of high soil C/N ratio and nitrogen limitation caused by the long-term combined organic-inorganic fertilization on the soil microbial community structure and its dominated SOC decomposition, Journal of Environmental Management, 303: 114155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114155 Cui N., Wang M., Zou Q., Wang Z., Jiang S., Chen X., Zha Y., Xiang L., and Zhao L., 2023, Water-potassium coupling at different growth stages improved kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) quality and water/potassium productivity without yield loss in the humid areas of South China, Agricultural Water Management, 289: 108552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108552 Deng Z., Eeswaran R., Yin J., Abhiram G., and Gong S., 2023, Interacting effects of water and N-P-K fertilizers on the resource use efficiencies and fruit yield of drip-fertigated Chinese wolfberry (Lycium barbarumL.), SSRN Electronic Journal, 2023: 4386878. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4386878
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