Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 246-253 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 249 4.2 Combined use of organic and chemical fertilizers Although chemical fertilizer alone is effective, the effect will be better if organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are used together. Studies have suggested that when drip irrigation is used for fruit trees, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can each account for half. This can significantly increase the effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, and improve photosynthesis, so that the fruit quality and yield are better (Chen et al., 2023). Organic fertilizer can also make the soil more fertile, help plants absorb nutrients, and reduce ammonia volatilization and nitrate loss, which is particularly evident in drip irrigation systems (Li et al., 2023; Shi et al., 2024). If organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are used together for a long time, the microorganisms in the soil will be more active and the soil state will be healthier. However, it should be noted that if it is not managed well, there may be a problem of nitrogen deficiency (Cui et al., 2021). 4.3 Integration of water-soluble fertilizers and drip systems If water-soluble fertilizer is used together with drip irrigation technology, the effect will be more obvious. It can make nutrients delivered faster, use less water, and crops grow better. A study summarized and analyzed the results and found that this "water-fertilizer integration" method can increase nitrogen utilization by 31.3%, water utilization by 34.5%, and yield by 12.5% compared with traditional irrigation methods (Yang et al., 2024). In particular, the underground drip irrigation system with low flow and low nitrogen consumption is most suitable for fruit trees and medium soil. If organic fertilizers and water-soluble fertilizers are used together, it can not only further increase yield and fruit quality, but also make better use of water and fertilizer and reduce damage to the environment. 5 Analysis of Yield and Fruit Quality 5.1 Performance of yield per plant and per area If irrigation and fertilization methods are well coordinated, especially the use of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) with organic fertilizers, the yield of kiwifruit can be higher. Whether it is the yield of a tree or the yield of an entire orchard, there will be a significant increase. Compared with using only a little nitrogen fertilizer or an unreasonable combination of fertilizers, NPK plus organic fertilizers can increase the yield by about 11.7% to 31.8% (Lai et al., 2011). Some practices such as organic farming and natural farming can also produce similar results. A kiwifruit tree can produce about 30 kilograms of fruit, which is similar to the application of conventional chemical fertilizers. At the critical time of fruit growth, using drip irrigation with a scientific combination of water and fertilizer can not only ensure yield, but also save water and fertilizer. 5.2 Analysis of internal quality traits Good irrigation and fertilization can not only increase yield, but also improve the internal quality of the fruit. For example, the sugar (soluble solids), acid, and vitamin C in the fruit will all increase. Proper application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, especially when applied together with organic fertilizers, can increase sugar content by 15% to 45%, and vitamin C by 7% to 19%. When the fruit is growing fast, watering it less appropriately and adding some potassium fertilizer at the same time will also make the sugar-acid ratio better, and can also increase the vitamin C content to about 30% (Zheng et al., 2023). Organic fertilizer management can also make the fruit sugar and vitamin C higher. Under some treatments, vitamin C can reach 81.6 mg/100 g (Sharma et al., 2022). 5.3 Appearance and post-harvest storability If water and fertilizer are well managed, the appearance of the fruit will also be better. For example, the size is more uniform, the hardness is higher, and the grading is more neat. For example, the right combination of irrigation and fertilization can increase the number of Grade A fruits weighing more than 70 grams, and the fruits can also be 13% to 30% harder (Garg et al., 2023). Such fruits are not only easier to sell, but also easier to store. At critical times, such as when the fruit is about to mature, the right combination of water and fertilizer can make the fruit harder and have higher dry matter. In this way, not only will the shelf life be longer, but it will also be less likely to spoil during transportation (Cui et al., 2023).
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