Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 228-237 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 234 7.2 Techniques used to manipulate flowering and results When it comes to how to deal with these weather challenges, some people have actually already started. The most basic point is to first pick out places suitable for growing loquats. Places like river valleys and basins with sufficient sunlight, abundant water resources, and stable climate are naturally more reliable than other places, and there is less frost and heat damage. In addition to the trick of "choosing the right place", technical matters have not been left behind. For example, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), which is commonly used now, is used to enhance the plant's resistance to cold. This substance can increase the activity of GST enzymes and enhance the plant's own antioxidant level. Simply put, it can freeze less (Huang et al., 2024). Of course, hormones alone are not enough. Many places are also trying to cultivate more cold-resistant varieties or adjust the daily management methods of orchards. Things like cold-proof cloth, reasonable pruning, and irrigation rhythm may seem ordinary, but if used correctly, they can also help loquats survive bad weather (Zhang et al., 2022). 7.3 Shifts in harvest timing, yield performance, and farmer adoption Farmers in some suitable areas have achieved good results by choosing planting sites and using planting techniques that are more suitable for the climate. Their yields are more stable and the quality of the fruit has improved. These methods also help adjust the harvest time so that loquats can mature away from frost or high temperature peaks. This not only reduces losses but also improves the stability of market supply (Jiang et al., 2015). These practices are most effective in some places with good natural conditions, such as Yingde City and Fengshun County in Guangdong, where the climate and soil are very suitable for loquat cultivation (Qiu et al., 2009). Now, more and more farmers are willing to use growth regulators and cold-resistant varieties, which not only makes their crops more resistant to adversity but also brings better economic benefits. 8 Future Directions and Technological Innovations 8.1 Integration of precision agriculture and remote sensing for monitoring phenology Many new agricultural tools are now being used to help grow loquats. Among them, precision agriculture technologies, such as remote sensing and environmental monitoring, have become a good way to monitor the flowering time of loquats and adjust flowering management. Some places have already used controlled environments, such as greenhouse cultivation, and combined with temperature and light regulation. This method can advance the harvest period of loquats by up to two months, indicating that there is great potential after the combination of technologies (Wang and Huang, 2010). In addition, by installing sensors and combining data analysis, the development of flower buds, flowering and fruiting can be monitored in real time. These data can help farmers take timely measures and help predict yields, making production arrangements more scientific. 8.2 Development of loquat varieties with flexible flowering potential The idea of making loquats bloom flexibly according to weather and market changes has actually been proposed more than once. However, the current breeding methods are more advanced than before, and the confidence to do this is also stronger. For example, researchers have found some key genes related to flowering. EjFT1, EjFT2, EjSPLs, EjTFL1s, EjWUSa-although these names are not easy to remember, they play a significant role (Jiang et al., 2019a). It does not mean that once new technologies are available, the problem can be solved immediately, but at least the direction is clear. The development of molecular breeding and gene editing, coupled with the addition of transcriptomes and proteomes, has given scientists the opportunity to "customize" new varieties with more flexible flowering times and easier management (Li et al., 2023). Interestingly, the regulation direction of some genes is the opposite. For example, SPLand WOXcan make loquat bloom earlier, while TFL1 can make it bloom later and extend the vegetative growth period (Yu et al., 2022). So whether to adjust early or late depends on demand. In the final analysis, breeding varieties that can adapt to different climates and catch up with the market rhythm is not something that can be achieved overnight, but it is no longer a difficult problem technically. 8.3 Prospects for sustainable, low-input flowering control methods Not all problems need to be solved by spraying. This statement is actually quite appropriate when applied to the regulation of loquat flowering. What many people are concerned about now is: Is there a way to regulate flowering without too much investment and make the fruit grow better? The answer is that some methods have
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