Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 218-227 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 219 The purpose of this study is to summarize the current research results on precision fertilization and regulation in bayberry cultivation, especially their impact on fruit quality and sustainable development. We will evaluate the effects of these nutrient and water management methods, identify key technical innovations, and propose directions for further research in the future. The promotion of these technologies will help to achieve stable bayberry yield and improved fruit quality, while promoting the long-term development of the entire industry. 2 Factors Affecting Bayberry Fruit Quality 2.1 Soil nutrient availability and heterogeneity The different nutrient content and distribution in the soil will directly affect the quality of bayberry fruit. If the nutrients are unevenly distributed, the size, sweetness and nutritional content of the fruit will vary. For example, the sugar and amino acid content in different varieties of bayberry fruit is significantly different, and these differences may be related to soil nutrients and planting management methods (Zhang et al., 2011). In order for the fruit to grow well and have high quality, it is necessary to ensure that the nutrient supply is sufficient and balanced. 2.2 Climate variability and its impact on flowering and fruiting Climate factors such as temperature and humidity directly affect the flowering, fruiting and ripening of bayberry. If the climate changes, it will affect when the fruit matures, the accumulation of sugar and acid, and the taste of the fruit. For example, studies have found that the temperature during storage will change some physiological indicators of bayberry and affect the retention of nutrients (Figure 1). Lower temperatures can better maintain the quality, color and nutrition of the fruit (Xun and Mei, 2013). Therefore, it is important to manage climate conditions well before and after harvesting so that the quality of the fruit can be more stable. Figure 1 Color development in five cultivars and cross-sections of Chinese bayberry fruits stored at different temperatures after harvest (Adopted from Saeed et al., 2024) 2.3 Physiological and genetic characteristics influencing fruit development Different varieties of bayberry have different genes, so the quality of the fruit will also be different, such as sugar content, amino acids, fruit size, color and ripening time (Dai et al., 2012). In addition, wax synthesis on the peel and some key metabolic activities will also affect the fruit's water retention capacity, disease resistance and storage time, which will affect the overall quality of the fruit (Wu et al., 2023). Therefore, selecting varieties with good physiological properties and excellent genetic characteristics is the key to improving fruit quality and consistency. 3 Advances in Precision Fertilization Technology 3.1 Site-specific nutrient diagnosis using soil and foliar analysis Today’s precision fertilization technology increasingly emphasizes soil and leaf analysis. Through these analyses, it is possible to more accurately determine how to fertilize. Modern sensing technologies such as ion-selective electrodes, colorimetry, and spectroscopy can measure the amount of major nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium even in relatively complex fields. These tools can help us understand the nutritional status of plants in real time and facilitate the formulation of more appropriate fertilization plans. This not only solves the problem
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