Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 204-217 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 213 Figure 2 Planting base 6.2 Application effect of controlled-release fertilizer “one basal, one topdressing” technology in Damiao Village, Jiashan In the high-yield demonstration field of Dahao Village, Jiashan, the "one base and one topdressing" fertilization technology of slow-release fertilizer has been successfully applied. The specific approach is: before machine transplanting, combine land preparation to apply a special compound fertilizer consisting of 40% slow-release nitrogen + 60% quick-acting nitrogen, 40 kg per mu (containing N-P2O5-K2O is 25-12-15), providing about 70% of the nutrient requirements during the entire growth period. Ten days after transplanting, combine pest control and apply tillering-promoting fertilizer once, and apply 7.5 kg of special fertilizer containing 30% nitrogen, silicon and alginate per mu to promote effective tillering. After that, no conventional ear fertilizer will be added, and only a small amount of foliar fertilizer will be applied according to the seedlings before heading. Through this "one base and one topdressing" model, the total nitrogen application in the experimental field was about 15.4 kg/mu, which was more than 20% less than the conventional three-time fertilization of surrounding farmers, but the rice growth always maintained a balanced nutrient supply, and there was no lack of fertilizer in the middle and late stages. The demonstration results in 2022-2023 showed that the rice population treated with slow-release fertilizers one base and one topdressing grew neatly and robustly, with a moderate number of tillers at the base and an increased effective tillering rate. The number of panicles was comparable to that of the control, while the number of grains per panicle and the fruiting rate increased slightly, and the final yield was the same as that of conventional fertilization (Figure 3). At the same time, there was no excess nitrogen residue in the paddy field soil in the middle and late stages, the nitrogen content of rice panicles and stems and leaves was appropriate, the rice plants changed color normally, and there was no lodging or greed for green and late maturity (Wang et al., 2019). According to calculations, this technology reduces nitrogen fertilizer input by about 4 kg per mu compared with traditional fertilization, and the apparent nitrogen loss rate of paddy fields is significantly reduced (15% for conventional treatment, and reduced to less than 12% for one base and one topdressing treatment). The application in Dahao Village shows that the combination of slow-release fertilizer and mechanical deep side application can achieve the effect of one fertilization of rice equivalent to three fertilizations in the past, which not only simplifies the operation and saves labor costs, but also increases the net income by about 50 yuan per mu. At present, the "one base and one topdressing" fertilization technology has been promoted in more than 10 000 mu of Jiashan grain functional area, and has won unanimous praise from grain farmers. This proves that in areas with high-efficiency varieties and good mechanized planting foundations, the combination of advanced fertilizer products and simplified fertilization technology can effectively reduce fertilizer and increase efficiency.
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