BM_2025v16n4

Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 204-217 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 212 to ensure that the fruit is not too green. Accordingly, slow-release fertilizer can be used in combination with delayed fertilization to make the nitrogen supply more balanced and meet its "large reservoir capacity" demand for continuous nitrogen supply. On the contrary, for conventional japonica rice varieties, due to their relatively flat nitrogen response curve, "nitrogen reduction and dense planting" can be appropriately used to give play to their group advantages. That is, by increasing the basic seedlings or planting density to compensate for the decrease in panicles that may be caused by nitrogen reduction, while stabilizing the number of grains per panicle and grain weight, so that the total yield is not affected (Hu et al., 2019). The amount of nitrogen applied to this type of variety in the later stage should not be too high to avoid lodging and reduce quality. It can be combined with bio-organic fertilizer or green manure to replace part of the chemical fertilizer nitrogen to maintain soil nutrient balance. Variety × fertilization interaction studies also show that varieties with high nitrogen efficiency genotypes have a more obvious relative advantage under low nitrogen, while nitrogen inefficient genotypes require high fertilizer input to exert their yield potential. Therefore, by screening the yield performance of different varieties under nitrogen reduction conditions through field trials, we can provide a basis for formulating the optimal fertilization plan for each variety. With the development of precision agriculture, the use of drone spectroscopy and other technologies to monitor the nitrogen nutrition status of different varieties in real time and implement differentiated fertilization will further improve the matching degree between varieties and fertilization management. Optimizing fertilization according to variety characteristics can, on the one hand, allow high-yield varieties to "eat enough without waste", and on the other hand, allow high-efficiency varieties to "eat smarter and more efficiently", thereby maximizing the potential of varieties and the benefits of fertilizers at the same time. 6 Case Study: Integrated Practice of Green Fertilization and High-Efficiency Varieties in Jiashan Area 6.1 Promotion path of demonstration field model: “unified fertilizer supply and unified management” Jiashan, Zhejiang, is located in the grain area of Taihu Plain. In recent years, it has explored a rice production model that integrates green fertilization and centralized management. In the 10 000-acre demonstration base in Dahao Village, Huimin Street, Jiashan, the establishment of a cooperative to implement unified fertilizer supply and unified plant protection management has greatly improved the implementation rate and efficiency of agricultural technical measures (Figure 2). The specific approach is: the agricultural technicians of the cooperative formulate a unified fertilization plan for the village based on soil fertility and target yield, and centrally purchase new fertilizers such as slow-release fertilizers to supply farmers; in terms of pest control, the cooperative organizes the implementation of green prevention and control and unified prevention and control, such as the unified installation of insect traps, the distribution of sex pheromone traps, and the planting of insect-attracting flowers in the field to reduce the use of chemical pesticides. The promotion path of this model in Jiashan is to first demonstrate successfully in the pilot village, and then radiate and drive in the grain functional areas of the county. Dahao Village takes advantage of its own advantages as a pure agricultural village to create a brand of "unified fertilizer supply and unified plant protection", and promotes it to surrounding towns through on-site observation and technical training. By 2024, the cooperative where Dahao Village is located has planted more than 3,500 mu of rice, and all of them have implemented soil testing and formulation and one-time slow-release fertilizer application. The pest control uses high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides and reduces the dosage by about 20%. This model has achieved the transformation from decentralized operation of farmers to centralized service of cooperatives, making it possible for small farmers to adopt advanced technologies. Through large-scale coordination, it has not only reduced procurement and operation costs, but also ensured the large-scale implementation of green efficiency-enhancing technologies (Wu et al., 2021). Practice has proved that under the "unified fertilizer supply and unified management" model, the labor productivity and resource utilization efficiency of rice production have been significantly improved: the cooperative combines mechanical transplanting, side deep fertilization and unified prevention and control, and the average fertilizer and pesticide costs per mu are reduced by 15% and 10% respectively compared with traditional methods, while the average per mu yield has increased slightly. Jiashan's experience shows that coordinated management led by new business entities in grain-producing areas is an important way to achieve green and efficient production.

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