BM_2025v16n4

Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 204-217 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 204 Research Insight Open Access Study on the Physiological Basis of Efficient Nitrogen Utilization and Green Fertilization Strategy of Rice ZhigangFu Jiashan County Fengchan Grain & Oil Professional Cooperative, Jiashan, 314110, Zhejiang, China Corresponding email: 414192496@qq.com Bioscience Methods, 2025, Vol.16, No.4 doi: 10.5376/bm.2025.16.0019 Received: 03 Jun., 2025 Accepted: 14 Jul., 2025 Published: 02 Aug., 2025 Copyright © 2025 Fu, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Fu Z.G., 2025, Study on the physiological basis of efficient nitrogen utilization and green fertilization strategy of rice, Bioscience Methods, 16(4): 202-215 (doi: 10.5376/bm.2025.16.0019) Abstract In the context of the current green transformation of agriculture and sustainable ecological development, improving the nitrogen use efficiency of rice has become an important issue to ensure food security and reduce environmental pollution. This study systematically explored the key physiological mechanisms of rice in the process of nitrogen absorption, transport and metabolism, focusing on the expression and regulatory role of key genes such as OsNRT1.1B, OsAMT1.2, and OsGS1;1, as well as the functions of transcription factors such as NLP, DOF, and MYB in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism. Combined with the development trend of green agriculture in recent years, this study further evaluated the practical effects of the "one base and one topdressing" fertilization mode of controlled-release fertilizers and the integrated management with green control technology, and analyzed the synergistic effect of high-efficiency varieties and green fertilization modes through a typical case of the demonstration field in Dahao Village, Jiashan. The study showed that indica-japonica hybrid rice and excellent late japonica rice varieties have a strong responsiveness to nitrogen supply, and can significantly improve nitrogen use efficiency and yield stability under reasonable cultivation management and precision fertilization. This study not only provides theoretical support and practical path for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and increasing its efficiency, but also provides a reference for the construction of regional rice ecological planting system. Keywords Rice; Nitrogen use efficiency; Green fertilization; Physiological mechanism; Molecular regulation 1 Introduction Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient for rice growth, and nitrogen fertilizer application plays an important role in increasing rice yields. However, the nitrogen utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in my country is far lower than that of developed countries, and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in rice fields in the current season is only about 30%-35% (Yuan et al., 2017). Excessive nitrogen application leads to insufficient nitrogen absorption by crops through leaching, volatilization and runoff loss, causing environmental problems such as soil acidification, groundwater nitrate pollution and water eutrophication. At the same time, agriculture has become an important source of greenhouse gas emissions such as nitrous oxide. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers can also cause rice to grow too fast, induce an increase in the risk of pests and diseases, thereby increasing the amount of pesticide application and forming a vicious circle. Therefore, improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers and reducing excessive nitrogen fertilizer input have become urgent needs for the current sustainable development of agriculture. My country is a major rice producer and consumer, and rice yield is related to national food security. In the case of limited arable land, achieving high and stable yields must rely on reasonable fertilization. However, the long-standing concept of "more is better" among farmers has led to high nitrogen fertilizer input intensity, decreased fertilizer utilization efficiency, and diminishing yield benefits (Park et al., 2023). According to statistics, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of rice in my country was about 60% in the 1980s, and it dropped to about 30% in the 21st century (Ju et al., 2024). Improving fertilization methods and cultivating nitrogen-efficient varieties to achieve "less fertilizer and higher yield" have become key strategies for the sustainable development of rice farming. Improving rice NUE has multiple meanings: for the environment, it can reduce fertilizer use and nitrogen emissions, alleviate agricultural non-point source pollution and greenhouse gas emissions; for the

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