Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 193-203 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 194 2 Organic Fertilization Techniques for Kiwifruit 2.1 Types of organic fertilizers used in kiwifruit cultivation Organic fertilization in kiwifruit cultivation involves the use of various organic materials to enhance soil fertility and plant growth. Commonly used organic fertilizers include dairy manure, vermicompost, poultry manure, and combinations thereof (Sharma and Rana, 2021). For instance, a study on the Allison cultivar of kiwifruit demonstrated the effectiveness of different organic manures such as dairy manure, vermicompost, and chicken manure, either applied solely or in combination (Sharma et al., 2022). Another study highlighted the use of pig and sheep dung compost over a nine-year period, which significantly improved the yield and quality of kiwifruit (Figure 1). Additionally, the application of farm yard manure, green manure, biofertilizers, and vermiwash has been shown to enhance the nutrient content and overall quality of kiwifruit (Khachi et al., 2015). Figure 1 Application of organic fertilizer for kiwifruit 2.2 Application methods and timing The method and timing of organic fertilizer application are crucial for optimizing kiwifruit growth and productivity. Organic fertilizers can be applied in various forms, such as solid manure or liquid formulations like jeevaamrit. For example, the application of jeevaamrit and ghana jeevaamrit in three equal splits at the end of January, February, and April, along with farm yard manure, was found to be effective in improving leaf area and photosynthetic activity in kiwifruit vines (Garg et al., 2020). Similarly, long-term application of organic amendments, such as pig and sheep dung compost, has been shown to enhance soil microbial diversity and improve fruit yield and quality (Liu et al., 2020). The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, applied in balanced proportions, also plays a significant role in maintaining soil fertility and promoting sustainable kiwifruit production.
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