Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 117-136 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 129 is no longer just a synonym for hard work, but has become a new carrier for people to learn science and relax and entertain. Pan'an has cleverly integrated agricultural production, ecological protection, and tourism science and education, turning the countryside into a classroom and farm work into an experience, and has embarked on an innovative path of combining "industry, education, and tourism". Its effectiveness is not only reflected in economic benefits, but also in social and cultural aspects: it has raised the ecological civilization awareness of the whole people, attracted a group of urban residents to start businesses or settle in the countryside, and promoted urban-rural exchanges and the return of talents. This agricultural and tourism integration model is a vivid interpretation of the rural revitalization of "both the pocket and the mind" and has broad promotion value (Yi et al., 2019). 5.3 Circular bioeconomy systems in rural industries Constructing a circular bio-economic system is a key link in achieving sustainable agriculture and green rural development. In the process of promoting rural industrial revitalization, Pan'an attaches great importance to the closed loop within the agricultural industrial chain. Through technological and management innovation, it links all links of agricultural production to minimize waste and achieve efficient resource utilization. Its specific measures include: (1) Circulation of agricultural inputs. Pan'an actively promotes measures such as soil testing and formula fertilization, and the use of biological organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers to recycle soil nutrients. A large amount of livestock and poultry manure is fermented into organic fertilizer and returned to the fields through biocomposting. In recent years, tens of thousands of tons of commercial organic fertilizer have been produced each year, part of which is supplied to surrounding counties and cities, which not only reduces the use of chemical fertilizers but also treats manure. The comprehensive utilization rate of straw is over 90%, part of which is used as livestock feed and edible fungus base material, and the other part is crushed and returned to the field to improve soil organic matter. (2) Recycling of agricultural post-production waste. In view of organic waste such as rice husks, rice bran, and fruit peels generated in grain processing and non-staple food processing, the county guides enterprises to make resource utilization. For example, rice husks are used to produce biomass fuel pellets and supplied to tea processing plants as fuel; fruit and vegetable peels are fermented through anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas for use in park boilers or power generation, and the fermentation liquid is made into liquid fertilizer. A fruit canning factory produces 300 tons of fruit pomace each year, which used to be discarded. Now, after fermentation, 200,000 cubic meters of biogas and 200 tons of liquid fertilizer are produced, realizing the transformation of waste into treasure. (3) Utilization of renewable energy in rural areas. Pan'an combines rural energy construction with ecological circulation and vigorously develops household biogas, solar energy, and biomass energy. More than 1,200 biogas digesters have been built in the county, processing nearly 10,000 tons of human and animal feces and straw each year, producing clean gas to replace traditional firewood. In energy-consuming scenarios such as tea and mushroom drying, straw-shaped fuel boilers and biogas boilers have been introduced, which not only reduces firewood felling, but also reduces carbon emissions. Some towns also use small hydropower and photovoltaic power generation to supply village collective cold chain storage facilities to serve agricultural post-harvest fresh-keeping storage. (4) Extension of the circular industrial chain. Based on the main agricultural industry, Pan'an actively introduced biomass processing-related industries to form a closed-loop economic circle. For example, relying on traditional Chinese medicine residues and bamboo chips, a biomass board factory was introduced to process these waste materials into environmentally friendly building templates and furniture boards, consuming 50,000 tons of agricultural and forestry residues each year, with an output value of over 100 million yuan, and the products are sold all over the country. For example, in the main production area of Torreya grandis (a local specialty dried fruit), a Torreya grandis shell activated carbon production workshop was established to make high-grade activated carbon through high-temperature carbonization and chemical activation of discarded Torreya grandis shells for use in the pharmaceutical and environmental protection industries, with a value of over 10,000 yuan per ton, greatly increasing the value of agricultural waste. Through these explorations, Pan'an has initially formed a number of circular industrial chains, including grain-livestock-fertilizer, vegetable-mushroom-fertilizer, forest-livestock-energy, and agricultural product processing-biomaterials. Compared with the traditional linear agricultural model, under the circular bioeconomy model, resources are recycled many times in the industrial chain, and the small amount of unusable
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