Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 117-136 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 127 biogas for villagers' cooking and lighting, and the by-product biogas residue and liquid are used as fertilizer to achieve a win-win situation of clean energy and fertilizer. At the same time, edible fungi mycelium is used to decompose sawdust, straw, etc. to produce edible fungi, and then the waste fungus bran is processed into organic matrix or biomass pellet fuel. This "fungus-feed-fertilizer (energy)" cycle not only reduces environmental pollution, but also creates millions of yuan of economic benefits for the local area every year. It is worth noting that emerging biotechnologies such as synthetic biology also show prospects in the utilization of agricultural waste. Researchers are studying the use of engineered bacteria to convert cellulose in bamboo and wood waste into bio-based chemicals such as lactic acid, and to use enzymes to process remaining fruits and vegetables into feed additives. Once these technologies are maturely applied, they will further expand the agricultural product processing field in Pan'an. The intervention of biotechnology has enabled traditional agricultural product processing to move from extensive to sophisticated and from low value to high value, opening up new growth space for Pan'an's agricultural industry. As Sadh et al. (2023) pointed out in their study of circular bioeconomy, agricultural waste can be transformed into bioenergy or bio-based products through biotechnology, thereby replacing fossil resources and achieving both environmental and economic benefits. Pan'an's practice confirms this view: relying on biotechnology to "turn stone into gold", realizing the development of the entire value chain of agricultural products, and promoting the transformation of agriculture from an increase in production orientation to an increase in quality and efficiency orientation, is of great significance to the revitalization of industries in mountainous counties. 5 Integrative Green Development Pathway 5.1 Synergistic biological mechanisms across primary, secondary, tertiary sectors The integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in agriculture is an important path for rural revitalization. Through the introduction of biotechnology and ecological concepts, Pan'an has opened up the synergy mechanism of the entire industrial chain of planting, breeding, processing and marketing, and formed a green agricultural industry system with efficient output and complete chain. In the primary industry, biotechnology is applied to improve the production efficiency and product quality of the planting and breeding links, such as the aforementioned biological breeding and ecological planting and breeding models, to ensure the supply of high-quality primary agricultural products. In the secondary industry, namely the agricultural product processing industry, primary agricultural products are deeply processed through fermentation engineering, enzymatic hydrolysis technology, etc. to increase added value, and the by-products and waste generated during the processing process are reused as biomass energy or organic fertilizer to achieve a closed production loop. In the tertiary industry, Pan'an vigorously develops e-commerce and logistics distribution to sell green and good products in mountain villages to all parts of the country. At the same time, relying on good ecological resources, it has cultivated service industries such as leisure agriculture and health tourism to add new sources of income to agriculture. A typical case is the "Happy Pastoral" complex project in Panfeng Township. The project is led by a leading agricultural enterprise, which transfers thousands of acres of terraced fields to develop organic rice planting (primary industry), builds grain processing workshops and breweries in nearby villages, processes rice into high-end rice, rice vinegar, rice wine and other products (secondary industry), and combines the terraced scenery to create agricultural experience, rice field homestay and other tourism projects (tertiary industry). Visitors can come to plant rice in spring and participate in harvesting and threshing in autumn to experience farming culture. The product processing workshop is also open to tourists, showing traditional winemaking techniques, and tourists can buy freshly baked products to take away. In this organic integration model of the first, second and third industries, "enterprises + farmers + tourists" each get what they want: enterprises and farmers share product sales and tourism income, and tourists get ecological experience. Another example is the Gongfu Chicken Farm project in Shuangfeng Township, which integrates free-range chickens (primary industry), deep processing of chickens (such as smoked chicken production, secondary industry) and sightseeing picking (tertiary industry) to form a complete value chain. In these integrated formats, biological synergy mechanisms are everywhere. For example, fish raised in rice fields are used for catering services for tourists, and fish manure is used to fertilize rice fields; wine lees produced by breweries are fed to pigs, and pig farm manure is fermented to generate biogas to provide hot water for homestays; scenic area restaurants purchase vegetables and fruits from
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