Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 100-107 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 105 7.3 Key takeaways from case studies The Thai case study focuses on the analysis of genetic diversity and evolutionary differences of varieties to provide genetic information for crossbreeding; The Malaysian case study focuses on the use of genomic selection techniques to demonstrate an efficient and accurate modern breeding method. Both cases highlight the potential of genomic tools to overcome the difficulties encountered in traditional breeding and achieve rapid development of high-quality durian varieties, providing the scientific basis to meet the growing demand of the durian market and ensure the development of the durian industry in Southeast Asia. 8 Economic and Market Considerations in Durian Breeding 8.1 Consumer preferences and market trends Breeding goals are more or less influenced by consumer preferences for durian characteristics such as taste, aroma and appearance. Lin et al. ’s study in 2022 showed that the implementation of breeding plans requires researchers to make relevant adjustments according to market trends and changes in consumer demand, which can not only ensure that new varieties meet market demand, but also bring economic benefits to people. 8.2 Cost-benefit analysis of advanced breeding programs Advanced techniques such as genome selection have improved the efficiency and genetic gains of modern durian breeding, but for researchers, the implementation of the technology also needs to take into account the cost. Studies by Grenier et al. (2015), Crossa et al. (2017), and Merrick et al. (2022) respectively indicate that genomic selection can speed up the breeding process and improve the accuracy of researchers' selection, but high initial investment and operating costs can also affect small breeding projects. 8.3 Intellectual property and seedling certification Intellectual property protection and seedling certification guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of new varieties and market competitiveness. Lin et al. (2022) pointed out that the development and application of molecular marker technology can effectively identify and protect varieties, and De Vries et al. (2023) pointed out that the establishment of seed and seedling certification system will help regulate the market, prevent the circulation of counterfeit and shoddy products, protect the interests of breeders and increase market trust. 9 Conclusion The application of genome selection technology in durian breeding lies in the development of accurate genome prediction model, which requires a large number of genetic markers and phenotypic traits data. The high cost and operating expenses of genome selection make it economically viable for some users, but it does improve breeding efficiency and optimize trait selection. Successful implementation of genome selection techniques requires the development of cost-effective breeding strategies, increased efficiency of data collection, and enhanced use of genomic tools by researchers. The use of advanced breeding techniques is subject to legal and ethical restrictions in some countries due to the lack of relevant policies to regulate their use. The recognition and acceptance of breeding technology by the general public and society also determines whether breeding technology can be quickly incorporated into commercial breeding projects. Therefore, countries that have not yet formulated relevant policies need to formulate regulations to ensure the safety and transparency of genome breeding. The international trade of GM durian varieties will be complicated by differences in regulations between countries, which will require policy makers, scientists and industry stakeholders to work together to develop standard laws that balance scientific progress and ethics. In this study, it is believed that the subsequent breeding of durian should focus on improving drought resistance, insect resistance and climate adaptability, etc. It happens that the application of genome-assisted breeding technology accelerates the development of climate adaptability varieties, improves the selection efficiency, and quickly identifies genetic traits that enhance stress resistance. The optimization of sustainable agricultural practices is important to increase durian yields in the face of environmental changes. The application of genome selection technology in durian breeding faces multiple challenges, but through the efforts of all parties, genome selection technology can certainly promote the subsequent development of durian breeding.
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