Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 100-107 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 104 6.3 Pest and disease integrated management Durian and other high economic value crops are facing the harm of pests and diseases in the planting process. The resistance of crops to biotic and abiotic stresses can be enhanced through microbiome selection and co-propagation of symbionts. Co-evolution of plants with their microbial symbiotes provides additional genetic variability to crops that can be used to breed crop varieties resistant to pests and climate change (Gopal and Gupta, 2016). Field phenotyping by drones and high-resolution imaging systems can rapidly assess crop resistance to biological and abiotic stresses and further optimize pest and disease management (Sankaran et al., 2015). 7 Case Study 7.1 Case study 1: successful hybrid durian breeding in Thailand The researchers resequenced the genomes of three durian species popular in Thailand (Kradumthong (KD), Monthong (MT) and Puangmanee (PM)), enabling cross-breeding of durians and revealing significant genetic variation between the different varieties. Nawae et al. 's 2023 study explored the genetic diversity of durians by analyzing the genomic assembly of these varieties, and in the study compared Thai durian with Malaysian durian variety Musang King (MK) to explore the evolutionary differences between the two types of durian varieties. The findings revealed that Thai durians, especially the Monthong variety, are unique in genomic evolution, with genetic variants related to disease resistance and flowering mechanisms. 7.2 Case study 2: genomic selection for durian cultivar development in Malaysia Genome selection combined with genome prediction improves the accuracy of selection and reduces the cost of breeding. Breeders have unified breeding methods and accelerated the process of genetic improvement through genome selection. Genomic selection has been proven effective in other plant breeding projects, indicating that it also has certain application potential in durian breeding in Malaysia. Genomic selection is based on genomic data to predict breeding values, optimize the screening process, and promote the breeding of excellent durian varieties (Figure 3) (Gaynor et al., 2017; Hickey et al., 2017). Figure 3 Overview of the two-part program with PYT genomic selection (2Part) and two-part program with headrow genomic selection (2Part+H) (Adopted from Gaynor et al., 2017) Image caption: DH, doubled haploid; GS, genomic selection; PYT, preliminary yield trial; AYT, advanced yield trial; EYT, elite yield trial. The number of DH lines per cross (N) differs for each breeding program to maintain equal operating costs (Adopted from Gaynor et al., 2017)
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