Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 100-107 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 103 promote the development of excellent varieties. Through the application of high-throughput sequencing technology, breeders can more accurately select genes related to target traits and accelerate the improvement of durians. 5.2 CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in durian Studies by Bortesi and Fischer (2015) and Zhang et al. (2017) have shown that CRISPR/Cas9 can be used for gene function research and crop improvement in a variety of crops. Studies by Arora and Narula (2017) and Liu et al. (2021) showed that CRISPR/Cas9 improved durian fruit quality, disease resistance and nutritional composition by improving specific traits through precise gene editing. Zhou et al. (2023) stated that CRISPR/Cas9's high efficiency and specificity make it a promising tool in durian breeding. 5.3 Functional genomics for future durian breeding Functional genomics provides a new method for durian breeding by studying the function and interaction of genes. Salgotra and Stewart's findings in 2020 suggest that strategies such as transcriptomics, TILLING, homologous recombination, and association mapping can be used to identify functional markers relevant to breeding goals, understand the genetic basis of durian, improve breeding efficiency, and promote the development of new durian varieties (Figure 2). Figure 2 Different approaches involved in development of functional markers (FMs) (Adopted from Salgotra and Stewart, 2020) 6 Environmental and Agronomic Management for Durian Yield Optimization 6.1 Soil and nutrient management The yield of durian is affected by the content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in soil. The improved RBF neural network algorithm can more accurately predict the soil nutrient content and its relationship with durian yield, help farmers apply fertilizer more effectively according to the predicted results, not only improve the soil nutrient utilization efficiency, but also reduce the negative environmental impact, ensure that durian trees get the right amount of nutrients, maximize the growth potential of durian, and reduce production costs. Increase yield (Tang et al., 2024). 6.2 Water and climate adaptation strategies Wild species have adaptations to drought and other adverse environmental conditions. The studies of Zhang and Batley (2020) and Renzi et al. (2022) illustrate that researchers can improve the adaptability of crops in marginal environments by utilizing the genetic diversity of crop wild relatives, and can also enhance the stress resistance of modern crops through gene introduction. Richards et al. 's study in 2010 showed that accurate phenotypic analysis and the use of quantitative trait loci markers could help identify and select good traits adapted to arid environments, thereby improving crop yield in arid environments.
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