Bioscience Methods 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 100-107 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 100 Review and Progress Open Access Key Bottlenecks and Breakthrough Strategies in Modern Durian Breeding: From Hybridization to Precision Genomic Selection Mengting Luo 1,2 , Zhonggang Li 1 1 Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China 2 Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Sanya, 572000, Hainan, China Corresponding email: mengting.luo@jicat.org Bioscience Methods, 2025, Vol.16, No.2 doi: 10.5376/bm.2025.16.0010 Received: 09 Mar., 2025 Accepted: 18 Apr., 2025 Published:29 Apr., 2025 Copyright © 2025 Zhang and Lin, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Zhang X.Z., and Lin X.F., 2025, Single-cell multi-omics analysis of epigenetic and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of goat skeletal muscle development, Bioscience Methods, 16(2): 100-107 (doi: 10.5376/bm.2025.16.0010) Abstract The breeding of durian (Durio zibethinus L.) faces many challenges, including limited genetic diversity and sensitivity to environmental changes. This study summarized the key bottlenecks encountered in durian breeding, and discussed the breakthrough strategies to improve the efficiency of durian breeding. In recent years, the development of genome selection, marker-assisted breeding and CRISPR gene editing technology has provided new opportunities to accelerate durian breeding. Agronomic management strategies to optimize durian production, such as soil nutrient regulation, water-saving irrigation techniques and integrated pest control, were also explored. The successful practice of genomic tools in durian breeding was illustrated through case studies in Thailand and Malaysia. In the future, we need to further promote precision breeding technology, improve regulatory policies, strengthen international cooperation, and further promote the sustainable development of the durian industry. Keywords Durian breeding; Genomic selection; CRISPR gene editing; Marker-assisted breeding; Agronomic management 1 Introduction Durian (Durio zibethinus L.), known as the "king of fruits", occupies an important position in the economy and culture of Southeast Asia. Durian has a special taste and rich nutrition, and is very popular in the international market, especially in China. The growing market demand for durian has prompted researchers to try to improve the yield and quality of durian through various advanced breeding methods (Lin et al., 2022). Durian also has great economic value in international trade, and Thailand and Malaysia are the main exporters of durian. In this situation where consumers' interest in durian is increasing, it has become urgent to improve durian varieties so that their flavor, taste, shelf life and other aspects can meet market requirements. Lin et al. 's study in 2022 showed that the genetic diversity of durian is not fully understood, which brings certain difficulties to improve and protect durian germplasm resources. Research by Akdemir and Isidro-Sanchez in 2019 shows that traditional breeding methods are time-consuming and laborious, coupled with the durian's long childhood growth period, which makes the whole breeding process complicated, and the relatively high cost of identifying complex traits such as flavor and disease resistance, which also adds difficulty. Peixoto et al. (2023) showed that genome selection and advanced high-throughput phenotypic identification techniques could be applied in durian breeding, but these techniques are still in the early stage of development and need some financial support and technical improvements to make them more effective. This study will analyze the problems encountered in durian breeding, explore relevant solutions, and explore ways to optimize durian planting management. By analyzing the successful cases of durian breeding in Thailand and Malaysia, this study will evaluate the practical application effect of genomic tools in durian breeding, hoping to provide scientific basis for the development of durian industry. 2 Genetic and Agronomic Challenges in Durian Breeding 2.1 Long juvenile phase and reproductive barriers Because durian has a relatively long juvenile period, its flowering and fruiting time will be delayed, and the breeding cycle will be extended. The selection and evaluation of target traits is also complicated by the long
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