Bioscience Methods 2024, Vol.15, No.6, 356-368 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 366 drought and high temperatures. Innovations in precision agriculture, such as the use of sensors and automation for real-time monitoring and management of irrigation and nutrient levels, offer promising avenues for improving efficiency and reducing labor costs. Finally, expanding research on the economic feasibility and scalability of these techniques will be vital to ensure their adoption by a broader range of farmers, thereby contributing to global food security and sustainable agriculture. Acknowledgments The authors expresse deep gratitude to Professor R. Cai from the Zhejiang Agronomist College for his thorough review of the manuscript and constructive suggestions. The authors also extend thanks to the two anonymous peer reviewers for their valuable revision recommendations. 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