Bioscience Methods 2024, Vol.15, No.6, 356-368 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 364 These findings suggest that PGRs can be effectively used to manipulate plant growth and improve yield outcomes. The positive effects of PGRs are attributed to their role in enhancing cell division, elongation, and differentiation, which collectively contribute to better plant vigor and productivity. However, the concentration and type of PGR used are critical factors that need to be optimized for different environmental conditions and tomato varieties to achieve the desired outcomes (Baliyan et al., 2013; Kavitha et al., 2023). 7.2 Yield effects of intercropping and crop rotation Intercropping and crop rotation are sustainable agricultural practices that can significantly impact the yield and quality of cherry tomatoes. A study evaluating the productivity of organic cherry tomatoes intercropped with various leguminous green manures found that intercropping with dwarf velvet bean and cowpea bean resulted in higher yields compared to monocropping (Salgado et al., 2021). Another study confirmed that intercropping with green manures like jack bean and velvet bean-dwarf improved the yield and quality of cherry tomatoes over two successive years (Ambrosano et al., 2018). These practices not only enhance yield but also improve soil health by increasing nutrient availability and reducing pest and disease incidence. The incorporation of green manures into the cropping system adds organic matter to the soil, which enhances its structure and fertility. Additionally, the diverse root systems of intercrops can help in better nutrient uptake and water utilization, leading to improved overall plant health and productivity (Ambrosano et al., 2018; Salgado et al., 2021). 7.3 Control of fruiting periods through photoperiod and temperature adjustments The manipulation of photoperiod and temperature is a crucial technique for controlling the fruiting periods of cherry tomatoes. Adjusting these environmental factors can synchronize flowering and fruit set, thereby optimizing yield. For instance, regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) has been shown to influence the development and fruit quality of cherry tomatoes by imposing controlled water stress during specific growth stages (Coyago-Cruz et al., 2019; Lu et al., 2019). This technique not only conserves water but also enhances the concentration of soluble sugars, carotenoids, and total phenols in the fruit, thereby improving its quality (Coyago-Cruz et al., 2019). Moreover, the strategic use of photoperiod adjustments can help in extending the growing season and ensuring a continuous supply of marketable fruits. By manipulating light exposure and temperature, growers can induce flowering at desired times, which is particularly useful in regions with extreme climatic conditions. This approach allows for better planning and management of harvests, leading to more efficient production cycles and potentially higher economic returns (Coyago-Cruz et al., 2019; Lu et al., 2019). 8 Harvesting and Post-Harvest Handling 8.1 Selection of appropriate harvesting time and methods Selecting the optimal harvesting time is crucial for ensuring the highest quality and yield of cherry tomatoes. The harvesting period significantly affects the quality characteristics of cherry tomato fruits, including external color, firmness, and nutritional components such as antioxidant capacity and soluble solids (Tsouvaltzis et al., 2023). Harvesting at the red ripe stage is recommended to maximize these quality traits. Additionally, the position of the fruit on the truss can influence its quality, with fruits at the base of the truss generally exhibiting better quality parameters than those at the top (Tsouvaltzis et al., 2023). The method of harvesting also plays a vital role in maintaining fruit quality. Manual harvesting is often preferred for cherry tomatoes to minimize damage and ensure careful handling. This method allows for selective picking, ensuring that only fully ripe fruits are harvested, which is essential for maintaining the desired quality and extending shelf life (Wang, 2015). Proper training of laborers in gentle handling techniques can further reduce mechanical damage and post-harvest losses. 8.2 Post-harvest preservation techniques and treatment Post-harvest preservation techniques are essential to extend the shelf life and maintain the quality of cherry tomatoes. One effective method is the use of controlled atmosphere storage, which can significantly reduce the
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