Bioscience Methods 2024, Vol.15, No.6, 348-355 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 353 6.2 Potential impact of genomics and bioinformatics on breeding The integration of genomics and bioinformatics into sweet potato breeding programs holds significant potential for enhancing crop improvement. Advances in sequencing technologies, such as the development of pan-genomics and multi-omics platforms, have enabled comprehensive molecular characterization of sweet potato germplasm (Tiwari et al., 2022). These technologies allow for the identification of genetic markers associated with desirable traits, such as disease resistance and stress tolerance, which can be used in marker-assisted selection and genomic selection. Furthermore, bioinformatics tools facilitate the analysis of large-scale genomic data, enabling the identification of genetic diversity trends and the development of strategies to broaden the genetic base of breeding programs (Deperi et al., 2018; Chen, 2024). The application of genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, also offers the potential to introduce targeted genetic modifications, accelerating the development of improved sweet potato varieties. 6.3 Global collaboration for preserving and utilizing genetic diversity Global collaboration is essential for preserving and utilizing the genetic diversity of sweet potato. The establishment of germplasm banks and the characterization of genetic resources collected from diverse geographical regions are critical for maintaining a broad genetic base (Vargas et al., 2018). Collaborative efforts among international research institutions can facilitate the exchange of germplasm and the sharing of knowledge and technologies, enhancing the overall efficiency of breeding programs (Lee et al., 2019). Additionally, the development of core germplasm sets and the implementation of efficient management plans for genetic resources can ensure the long-term conservation and sustainable use of sweet potato diversity (Anderson et al., 2021). By fostering global partnerships, researchers can address the challenges of food security and climate change, ultimately contributing to the development of resilient and high-yielding sweet potato varieties (Spanoghe et al., 2022). 7 Conclusion The meta-analysis of genetic diversity studies in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) reveals significant insights into the genetic variability and interrelationships among various genotypes. Studies have consistently shown a wide range of genetic variation for economically important traits such as tuber yield, carotene content, and starch content. Molecular markers, including RAPD, SSR, and RBIP, have been effectively used to assess genetic diversity, revealing substantial polymorphism and genetic differentiation among sweet potato accessions. Additionally, cluster analyses have consistently grouped genotypes into distinct clusters, indicating clear genetic relationships and diversity patterns. The findings from these genetic diversity studies have several practical applications for sweet potato breeding programs. The identification of genotypes with desirable traits such as high tuber yield, carotene content, and disease resistance can guide the selection of parent plants for breeding. The use of molecular markers like SSR and RBIP can facilitate marker-assisted selection, enabling breeders to efficiently track and select for these traits in breeding populations. Additionally, the establishment of core collections that capture the genetic diversity of larger populations can help in the conservation and management of sweet potato germplasm, ensuring the availability of diverse genetic resources for future breeding efforts. Future research should focus on expanding the genetic base of sweet potato by incorporating wild relatives and underutilized genotypes into breeding programs. This can enhance the genetic diversity available for breeding and potentially introduce novel traits. Advances in genomic tools and technologies, such as high-density SNP genotyping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), should be leveraged to identify and map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with key agronomic traits. Furthermore, integrating phenomic approaches, such as RGB imaging and colorimetry, can improve the precision and efficiency of phenotypic characterizations, aiding in the identification of polymorphisms and target traits for breeding. Overall, a multidisciplinary approach combining traditional breeding methods with modern genomic and phenomic tools will be crucial for the continued improvement and sustainability of sweet potato breeding programs.
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