Bioscience Methods 2024, Vol.15, No.5, 216-225 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 218 Figure 1 Depicting emerging tools of genome editing for resistance to insect pests. Genome editing of either plant or insect can make the insect susceptible plant to a resistant plant. The potential tools can be ZFNs, TALENs, or CRISPR/Cas9 (Adopted from Komal et al., 2023) 3 Genetic Modifications inBt for Improved Insecticidal Properties 3.1 Target genes inBt for enhanced toxin production Genetic modifications in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have primarily focused on enhancing the production and efficacy of its insecticidal toxins. Key target genes include those encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which play a crucial role in the susceptibility of insects to Bt toxins. For instance, mutations in the ABCC2 and ABCC3 genes have been linked to high levels of resistance to Cry1Ac toxin in the diamondback moth,
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