Bioscience Method 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 66-75 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 68 Figure 1 Comparison of developmental stages in non-pollinated and self-pollinated cassava flowers (Adopted from Baguma et al., 2019a) Image caption: (A) ovule at 7 DAA in a non-pollinated flower showing a degenerating egg apparatus in embryo sac; (B) ovule at 7 DAP in a self- pollinated flower showing cell proliferation in embryo sac; (C) ovule at 21 DAA in a non-pollinated flower showing a disorganizing embryo sac; (D) ovule at 21 DAP in a self-pollinated flower showing an organizing embryo sac; E) ovule at 28 DAA in a non-pollinated flower showing degenerated embryo sac (white arrow); F) ovule at 28 DAP in a self-pollinated flower showing embryo and surrounding tissues developing (white arrow).ES=embryosac; NU=nucellus; OI=outer integument; II=inner integument (Adopted from Baguma et al., 2019a) Baguma et al. (2019a) investigates flower and fruit production across different branching levels, revealing inconsistent trends in non-pollinated flowers, with the lowest and highest fruit set at the second and seventh levels, respectively. Open-pollinated flowers generally show a declining trend in fruit set with increasing branching, except at the seventh level, and exhibit higher overall fruit and seed set compared to non-pollinated ones. Significant differences are observed in fruit length, width, and survival rates between the two pollination methods. At 42 days after anthesis, 47 unique embryos were rescued, leading to seven unique plantlets, with NASE 19 having the highest success rate. Early ovule culture faced challenges, with limited callus formation and degeneration of embryo sacs in non-pollinated flowers.
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