Bioscience Method 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 8-19 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/bm 13 genes related to plant height STI and shoot dry weight, clustered in specific regions of the 2AS and 3BL chromosome arms. Furthermore, shared genes encoding polygalacturonase, auxin-related protein peptide deacylases, and receptor-like kinases highlighted the interconnectedness between plant height and shoot dry weight (Figure 2). Figure 2 Genetic diversity of 125 wheat varieties (Nouraei et al., 2024) Note: A: Population structure estimated by STRUCTURE, with the best subpopulation (K=6), each color represents a subpopulation; B: Phylogenetic tree, each branch represents a germplasm, and the length of the branch represents the genetic distance; C: Correlation (kinship) heat map, the blue in the middle represents the degree of correlation; D: Three-dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) diagram, illustrating the germplasm distribution based on the first three principal components (PC) 2.3 GWAS are useful for the identification and utilization of genetic variation in wild relatives of crops Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are a key technology for exploring and utilizing beneficial genetic variations in crop wild relatives, and they provide a powerful platform for modern breeding. Wild relatives (CWRs) possess rich genetic diversity and unique adaptive characteristics, which are crucial for improving crop stress resistance, yield and nutritional quality. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology and the widespread availability of reference genomes, researchers are now able to mine the genetic diversity hidden in CWRs and apply it to crop improvement. In a study on tomato (Solanumspp.), researchers conducted supergenome analysis of wild tomatoes and cultivated varieties to reveal the genetic diversity and structural variation within the genus Tomato. The study found that the abundance and recent amplification of transposable elements (TEs) in wild tomato species may enhance the genomic diversity and environmental adaptability of these wild species compared with cultivated tomatoes. These findings provide insights into understanding the genome evolution of Solanaceae plants and provide the possibility to utilize genetic resources in wild tomato species (Sahito et al., 2024) (Figure 3).
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