Bioscience Evidence 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 250-259 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/be 253 modulating inflammatory cells and cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5 (Lee et al., 2019) (Figure 2; Table 1). This oil also contains high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, and polyphenol antioxidants, which contribute to its health benefits, including reducing oxidative stress and boosting immunity (Seyis et al., 2019). In comparison, olive oil is also high in monounsaturated fats, particularly oleic acid, and is well-known for its cardiovascular benefits. However, tea seed oil has a higher smoke point and contains fewer saturated fatty acids than olive oil, making it a preferable option for high-temperature cooking (Seyis et al., 2019). Additionally, tea seed oil has a milder flavor and is less "oily," which can be advantageous for culinary uses where a lighter oil is desired. Figure 2 C. japonica oil dramatically inhibited not only cDNA levels but also protein expressions in all Th2-related cytokine such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 (Adopted from Lee et al., 2019) Image caption: (A) C. japonica oil significantly and dose-dependently suppressed the genes’ levels of Th2-related cytokine such as IL-4,IL-5andIL-13andespeciallytheIL-5leveldecreasedfromin100 mg/kg C. japonica oil treatment. C. japonica oil using with 100 mg/kg treatment perfectly controlled Th2-related cytokine such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, not only (B) in the quantitative point of view,butalso(C-E)inthequalitativepointofview.a,vehiclecontrol;b,asthmainduction;c,dexamethasone;d,10 mg/kg/day C. japonica oil;e,100 mg/kg/day C. japonica oil;f,500 mg/kg/day C. japonica oil. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 8). *p < 0.05 vs. control; **p < 0.001 vs. control; $p < 0.05 vs. asthma induction; $$p < 0.01 vs. asthma induction; #p < 0.05 vs. dexamethasone. Scale Bar = 100 µm. Magnification, × 200 (Adopted from Lee et al., 2019) Table 1 The quantitative score chart of histopathological changes in the lung (Adopted from Lee et al., 2019) Mucous hypersecretion (0–3) Epithelial cell hyperplasia (0–3) Inflammatory cell infiltration (0–3) CON 0.1 ± 0.35 0.4 ± 0.52 0.1 ± 0.35 OVA 2.9 ± 0.35* 2.8 ± 0.46** 2.9 ± 0.35** DEX 0.3 ± 0.46$$ 0.6 ± 0.52$$ 0.6 ± 0.52*,$$ Camellia japonica10 mg/kg 2.8 ± 0.46**,## 2.9 ± 0.35**,## 2.6 ± 0.52**,## Camellia japonica100 mg/kg 1.5 ± 0.76**,$$,## 2.4 ± 0.52**,## 1.9 ± 0.83**,$,# Camellia japonica500 mg/kg 0.4 ± 0.52$$ 0.4 ± 0.52$$ 0.52 ± 0.53$$ Note: Each score explains the means ± standard deviation (N = 8); *:p < 0.05 vs. Control; **: p < 0.001 vs.control; $: p < 0.05 vs. asthma induction; $$: p < 0.01 vs. asthma induction; #: p < 0.05 vs. Dexamethasone; ##; p < 0.01 vs. dexamethasone (Adopted from Lee et al., 2019)
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