Bioscience Evidence 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 293-303 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/be 299 high-performance composites (Musio et al., 2018; Promhuad et al., 2022). The versatility of hemp fibers is another significant advantage. They can be used in various industries, including textiles, construction, automotive, and even food packaging, due to their mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties (Pejić et al., 2020; Sahi et al., 2021). Table 1 Related researches on application of hemp fiber in textile products (Adopted from Promhuad et al., 2022) Types/Additive/Compos ite Material Processing Technology Fabric Characteristic Reference Yellow colorant (Buddleja officinalis) traditional techniques of dyeing from communities of Yunnan, China equipped with natural mordant treatment Optimum dying achieved at pH 5, 60 ℃ for 90 min. Natural mordant treatment improved the yellowness and color fastness was maintained, indicating a good combination process between natural mordant treatment and natural yellow dyeing. Yan et al., 2021 Graphited knitting hemp fabric (GKHF) Furnace filled with a nitrogen atmosphere, heating at 800 ℃ GKHF showed a great air permeability, water vapor and moisture, as well as remarkable static stability in the range of 0.5 to 480 KPa.GHKF detected a variety of static pressure and physiological signals for health monitoring, rehabilitation, and convenience sport stuff. Liu et al., 2021 Feretiko hemp fiber (woven) Thermal comfort evaluated by thermal manikin Clothing insulation of Feretiko was 0.20, very close to ASHRAE standard 55-2013 for clothing insulation of a long-sleeve (0.25 clo). The air permeability was also high (2600 L/m2 s). Tama et al., 2020 Hemp fabric and epoxy resin composite Composite technology: plate and Impregnated Fiber Bundle Test (IFBT) The pores of composite are low observed in tomography with the similar fiber volume for all the composite. Untwisting reduced the tenacity at break of the rovings. Low-twisted rovings of composite resulting in similar tensile strength of best flax in the range of 150-200 MPa. Corbin et al., 2020 Hemp fabric and vinyl ester composite Chemical treated woven hemp fabric: NaOH and fire retardant (FR) The treatment increase weight, thickness, density and yarn crimp, while decreased mechanical properties of woven fabric due elimination of hemicellulose and lignin by NaOH and hydrolyzation of cellulose by FR.The treatment increased thermal stability and limiting oxygen index values indicating fire retardant properties was improved. Misnon et al., 2018 Hemp fiber, Lyocell and PLA composite Wrap spinning process Lyocell addition improve tensile strength of hemp/PLA composite-based fabric and lesser fiber pull-outs appears, but did not affect on water absorption. Baghaei et al., 2016 PLA Compression molding technique Reinforcement improved flexural and charpy detected for fibre volume fraction of 20 and 30%, and decreased at 40%. The impact strength increased by increasing reinforcement content. 30% reinforcement showed the best creep behavior Durante et al., 2017 7.2 Challenges: processing costs, fiber quality variability, and market acceptance Despite the numerous benefits, there are several challenges associated with the use of hemp fibers. One of the primary challenges is the high processing costs. The extraction and processing of hemp fibers involve complex and often expensive methods such as retting, decortication, and degumming, which can be cost-prohibitive (Ahmed et al., 2022; Zimniewska, 2022). Another challenge is the variability in fiber quality. Factors such as the hemp variety, cultivation conditions, and processing methods can significantly affect the quality of the fibers, leading to inconsistencies in the final product (Musio et al., 2018; Vandepitte et al., 2020). Market acceptance is also a significant hurdle. Although there is a growing interest in sustainable materials, the adoption of hemp fibers in mainstream textile markets is still limited due to a lack of awareness and established supply chains (Schumacher et al., 2020).
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzMg==