Bioscience Evidence 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 270-280 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/be 270 Research Insight Open Access High Yield Strategies in Rice Cultivation: Agronomic Practices and Innovations JunLyu Yuecheng District Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Shaoxing, 330600, Zhejiang, China Corresponding email: 58831500@qq.com Bioscience Evidence, 2024, Vol.14, No.6 doi: 10.5376/be.2024.14.0028 Received: 30 Sep., 2024 Accepted: 08 Nov., 2024 Published: 24 Nov., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Lyu, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Lyu J., 2024, High yield strategies in rice cultivation: agronomic practices and innovations, Bioscience Evidence, 14(6): 270-280 (doi: 10.5376/be.2024.14.0028) Abstract This study provides an in-depth analysis of the application of advanced technologies such as optimized planting techniques, water management, nutrient application, integrated pest management (IPM), and precision agriculture. The results show that direct seeding, intermittent irrigation (AWD), balanced fertilization and the use of disease-resistant varieties can significantly increase yields and promote sustainable agricultural development. Innovations such as drone monitoring, remote sensing tools, and biofortified rice varieties can also help increase productivity and enhance resilience to climate change. This study aims to explore effective agronomic practices and the latest innovations to improve rice yield and productivity, highlighting how combining agronomic best practices with technological innovations not only ensures higher productivity, but also supports long-term environmental sustainability and food security. Keywords Rice cultivation; Agronomic practices; Precision agriculture; High-yield strategies; Sustainable farming 1 Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for more than half of the global population, making its cultivation critical for food security worldwide. However, the increasing global population and the challenges posed by climate change necessitate the development and implementation of high-yield strategies in rice cultivation. Rice cultivation faces several productivity constraints, including water scarcity, nutrient management issues, and the need for sustainable agricultural practices. Traditional flooded rice cultivation methods are water-intensive and may not be sustainable in regions facing water shortages (Abdou et al., 2021; Midya et al., 2021; Santiago-Arenas et al., 2021). Additionally, improper nutrient management can lead to suboptimal yields and environmental degradation (Zhang et al., 2018; Ladha et al., 2021). The need for innovative approaches to address these constraints is critical for maintaining and increasing rice productivity. The primary challenges in rice cultivation include water management, nutrient use efficiency, and the adaptation to climate change. Water scarcity is a significant issue, particularly in semi-arid regions, where traditional flooding methods are not feasible (Abdou et al., 2021; Midya et al., 2021; Santiago-Arenas et al., 2021). High nitrogen fertilization and integrated crop management practices have shown promise in improving yield and water productivity under deficit irrigation conditions (Zhang et al., 2018; Abdou et al., 2021). Moreover, the development of drought-tolerant rice varieties and the adoption of water-saving irrigation techniques, such as alternate wetting and drying, are essential for enhancing rice yields in water-limited environments (Midya et al., 2021; Singh et al., 2021). This study reviews the latest agronomic practices and innovations that have been shown to improve rice yields, and identifies and evaluates the effectiveness of various high-yield strategies, including improved irrigation techniques, nutrient management practices, and genetic interventions; describe the economic and environmental impacts of these approaches and assess their potential for wider adoption. The aim of this study is to provide recommendations for future research and policy directions to support sustainable intensification of rice farming. 2 Fundamentals of Rice Yield Determinants 2.1 Genetic potential and yield traits The genetic potential of rice is a primary determinant of its yield, influenced by various morphological and physiological traits. Key yield traits include grain weight, grain number per panicle, and effective tiller number,
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