Bioscience Evidence 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 206-217 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/be 215 The high content of α-linolenic acid in Eucommia ulmoides underscores its significance as a valuable source of this essential fatty acid. ALA is known for its numerous health benefits, including anti-inflammatory properties and cardiovascular protection. The comprehensive understanding of ALA biosynthesis in E. ulmoides not only enhances our knowledge of plant lipid metabolism but also paves the way for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals derived from this plant. The continued research and development in this area hold great promise for improving human health and well-being through the utilization of E. ulmoides and its derivatives. Acknowledgments We would like to thank our colleagues in the department for reviewing the draft of this paper and providing suggestions for improvement, which made the content of the paper clearer and more rigorous. We would also like to thank the two anonymous peer reviewers for their professional reviews and suggestions, which played a significant role in improving the paper. Funding This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No. 31660076 ], Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Talent Special Project (No. 2023-02, No. 2024-02), National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (“863” Program),grant number 2013AA102605-05, Guizhou Province High-Level Innovative Talent Training Program Project ([2016]4003), Talent Base for Germplasm Resources Utilization and Innovation of Characteristic Plant in Guizhou (RCJD2018-14). Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Cambiaggi L., Chakravarty A., Noureddine N., and Hersberger M., 2023, The role of α-linolenic acid and its oxylipins in human cardiovascular diseases, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(7): 6110. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076110 Du Q., Wu Z., Liu P., Qing J., He F., Du L., Sun Z., Zhu L., Zheng H., Sun Z., Yang L., Wang L., and Du H., 2023, The chromosome-level genome of Eucommia ulmoides provides insights into sex differentiation and α-linolenic acid biosynthesis, Frontiers in Plant Science, 14: 1118363. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1118363 Duan W., Shi-mei Y., Zhi-Wei S., Jing X., De-gang Z., Hong-Bin W., and Qi S., 2021, Genome-wide analysis of the fatty acid desaturase gene family reveals the key role of PfFAD3 in α-linolenic acid biosynthesis in perilla seeds, Frontiers in Genetics, 12: 735862. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.735862 Fan R., Kim J., You M., Giraud D., Toney A., Shin S., Kim S., Borkowski K., Newman J., and Chung S., 2019, α-Linolenic acid-enriched butter attenuated high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and inflammation by promoting bioconversion of n-3 PUFA and subsequent oxylipin formation, The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 76: 108285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108285 Feng Y., Zhang L., Fu J., Li F., Wang L., Tan X., Mo W., and Cao H., 2016, Characterization of glycolytic pathway genes using rna-seq in developing kernels of Eucommia ulmoides, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 64(18): 3712-3731. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05918 Gómez-Cortés P., Brenna J., Lawrence P., and Fuente M., 2016, Novel characterisation of minor α-linolenic acid isomers in linseed oil by gas chromatography and covalent adduct chemical ionisation tandem mass spectrometry, Food chemistry, 200: 141-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.023 Gregory M., Gibson R., Cook-Johnson R., Cleland L., and James M., 2011, Elongase reactions as control points in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis, PLoS ONE, 6(12): e29662. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029662 Ianni F., Blasi F., Giusepponi D., Coletti A., Galli F., Chankvetadze B., Galarini R., and Sardella R., 2020, Liquid chromatography separation of α- and γ -linolenic acid positional isomers with a stationary phase based on covalently immobilized cellulose tris (3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate), Journal of Chromatography A, 1609: 460461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460461 Joris P., Draijer R., Fuchs D., and Mensink R., 2019, Effect of α-linolenic acid on vascular function and metabolic risk markers during the fasting and postprandial phase: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in untreated (pre-)hypertensive individuals, Clinical Nutrition. 39(8): 2413-2419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2019.11.032 Lei C., Tian J., Ji H., Chen L., and Du Z., 2017, Dietary α-linolenic acid affects lipid metabolism and tissue fatty acid profile and induces apoptosis in intraperitoneal adipose tissue of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), Aquaculture Nutrition, 23(1): 160-170. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12377
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