Bioscience Evidence 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 206-217 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/be 209 at 5 ℃ showed a significant increase in lipid accumulation, with ALA fractions ranging from 39% to 42% of total fatty acids. This indicates that temperature stress, combined with other stress factors like UV treatment, can synergistically enhance ALA production. However, the specific mechanisms by which temperature stress influences ALA biosynthesis in Eucommia ulmoides require further investigation. Figure 1 Effect of transgenic PfFAD3.1expression on FA composition inA. thalianaseeds (Adopted from Duan et al., 2021) Image capton: (A) Transgenic CaMV35S::PfFAD3.1 Arabidopsis plants and seeds. (B) The expression of PfFAD3.1 transgenic 35S::PfFAD3.1 Arabidopsis seeds determined by qRT-PCR. (C) FA composition in the seeds of transgenic 35S::PfFAD3.1 Arabidopsis. Error bars represent SD from at least three biological replicates. The asterisks indicate significant differences (*p < 0.05, Student’s t-test) (Adopted from Duan et al., 2021) 4.2 Effect of soil nutrients and water availability Soil nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, are essential for the growth and metabolic activities of plants, including the biosynthesis of ALA. In Desmodesmus sp., nitrogen stress was found to increase the overall lipid content to 39% w/w, although the ALA fraction was reduced to 18% of total fatty acids (Zhao et al., 2019). This suggests that while nitrogen limitation can boost lipid accumulation, it may not necessarily favor ALA synthesis. The impact of phosphorus levels on ALA biosynthesis in Eucommia ulmoides remains to be elucidated, but it is likely that balanced nutrient availability is crucial for optimal ALA production. Water availability is another critical factor influencing ALA biosynthesis. Adequate water supply ensures proper physiological and metabolic functions, which are essential for the synthesis of fatty acids, including ALA. While specific studies on the correlation between water availability and ALA production in Eucommia ulmoides are limited, it is reasonable to infer that water stress could potentially affect ALA content by disrupting normal metabolic processes (Pan et al., 2012). 4.3 Impact of biotic stress on ALA biosynthesis Biotic stress, such as pathogen attacks, can lead to significant changes in the metabolic profile of plants, including the biosynthesis of ALA (Wu et al., 2022). Pathogen-induced stress often triggers a defensive response in plants, which can alter the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism. Although specific data on
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