Bioscience Evidence 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 195-205 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/be 203 the development of male sterility systems, including the use of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and chemical hybridizing agents (CHA), have been pivotal. For instance, the split-gene system for hybrid wheat seed production has shown promise by enabling the generation and maintenance of male-sterile parents and ensuring full fertility restoration in hybrids. Additionally, the barnase-barstar system and other transgenic approaches have been developed to facilitate male sterility without the need for fertility restorers. Advances in genomic resources and technologies have also played a crucial role. The explosion in genome sequencing and the development of high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping tools have provided new opportunities to enhance hybrid wheat production systems. These technologies help in identifying and utilizing genetic diversity, which is essential for breeding programs aimed at improving yield, disease resistance, and climate resilience. Moreover, genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, have been employed to make precise genetic modifications, further aiding in the development of elite wheat cultivars. The future potential of hybrid wheat in increasing global wheat production and ensuring food security is substantial. Hybrid wheat varieties have demonstrated superior yield and growth characteristics compared to their homozygous counterparts, which could significantly boost global wheat production. The implementation of hybrid wheat on a commercial scale could lead to a major lift in yield, addressing the growing demand for wheat driven by population growth and changing consumption patterns. Furthermore, hybrid wheat can contribute to food security by enhancing the resilience of wheat production systems. The ability to incorporate traits such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, and improved nutrient use efficiency through hybridization and advanced breeding techniques can mitigate the impacts of climate change and reduce the reliance on chemical inputs. This is particularly important in the context of sustainable agriculture, where the goal is to increase productivity without exacerbating environmental degradation. Acknowledgments We would like to thank the anonymous peer reviewers for their valuable guidance and feedback on revisions. Funding This study was funded by the Henan Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Special Project (HARS-22-1-Z7). Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Ali N., Rahman I., Badakshi F., Tariq M., and Mujeeb-Kazi A., 2020, Ensuring sustainable food security: exploiting alien genetic diversity in wheat breeding for adaptation to emerging stresses, In: Ozturk M., and Gul A., eds., Climate Change and Food Security with Emphasis on Wheat, Academic Press, pp.31-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819527-7.00002-9 Alotaibi F., Alharbi S., Alotaibi M., Mosallam M., Motawei M., and Alrajhi A., 2020, Wheat omics: classical breeding to new breeding technologies, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28: 1433-1444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.083 Block M., Debrouwer D., and Moens T., 1997, The development of a nuclear male sterility system in wheat, expression of the barnase gene under the control of tapetum specific promoters, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 95: 125-131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001220050540 Collard B., Collard B., Jahufer M., Brouwer J., and Pang E., 2005, An introduction to markers, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and marker-assisted selection for crop improvement: the basic concepts, Euphytica, 142: 169-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-005-1681-5 Forsdyke D., 2018, When acting as a reproductive barrier for sympatric speciation, hybrid sterility can only be primary, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128(4): 779-788. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz135
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