Bioscience Evidence 2024, Vol.14, No.4, 143-153 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/be 143 Research Insight Open Access Process Study on Microbial Fixation of CO2 and Its Conversion into Organic Acids ManmanLi Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China Corresponding author email: manman.li@hibio.org Bioscience Evidence, 2024, Vol.14, No.4 doi: 10.5376/be.2024.14.0016 Received: 17 May, 2024 Accepted: 22 Jun., 2024 Published: 05 Jul., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Li, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Li M.M., 2024, Process study on microbial fixation of CO2 and its conversion into organic acids, Bioscience Evidence, 14(4): 143-153 (doi: 10.5376/be.2024.14.0016) Abstract The study identified several natural and synthetic CO2 fixation pathways, including the Calvin cycle, the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, and the 3-hydroxypropionate cycle, among others. Key enzymes such as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) and formate dehydrogenase were found to play crucial roles in these pathways. The research also highlighted the potential of specific bacterial strains, such as Bacillus sp. SS105, in enhancing CO2 sequestration and lipid production for biodiesel applications. Additionally, the study demonstrated that metabolic engineering and optimization of microbial consortia could significantly improve the yields of organic acids like succinic acid and butyric acid. The findings of this study underscore the potential of microbial CO2 fixation as a viable strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and producing valuable organic acids. The identification of efficient microbial pathways and key enzymes, along with advancements in metabolic engineering, paves the way for future applications in sustainable chemical production and biofuel generation. Further research should focus on optimizing these processes to enhance their industrial applicability and economic feasibility. Keywords CO2 fixation; Microbial conversion; Organic acids; Metabolic engineering; RuBisCO; Formate dehydrogenase; Bacillus sp. SS105; Biodiesel; Succinic acid; Butyric acid 1 Introduction The continuous rise in global CO2 emissions has significantly contributed to climate change, leading to severe environmental consequences such as global warming, ocean acidification, and extreme weather events. The increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is primarily due to human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes (Salehizadeh et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2023). These emissions have resulted in unprecedented levels of greenhouse gases, which trap heat in the atmosphere and disrupt the natural balance of the Earth's climate system (Salehizadeh et al., 2020). Carbon fixation is a crucial process in mitigating the adverse effects of greenhouse gases. By converting CO2 into organic compounds, carbon fixation helps reduce the overall concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. This process not only addresses the environmental impact of CO2 emissions but also provides a sustainable approach to producing valuable chemicals and fuels. Microbial CO2 fixation, in particular, has gained attention due to its potential to efficiently convert CO2 into various organic acids and other value-added products (Salehizadeh et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2023). Microbial CO2 fixation involves the use of microorganisms to convert CO2 into organic compounds through various metabolic pathways. Several natural and synthetic pathways have been identified, including the Calvin cycle, the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, and the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle. These pathways enable microorganisms to assimilate CO2 as a carbon source and produce a range of metabolites, such as organic acids, alcohols, and bioplastics (Salehizadeh et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2023). Advances in genetic and metabolic engineering have further enhanced the efficiency and versatility of microbial CO2 fixation processes (Salehizadeh et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2023). The conversion of CO2 into organic acids is particularly relevant due to the high demand for these compounds in various industrial applications. Organic acids, such as acetic acid, succinic acid, and butyric acid, serve as key intermediates in the production of bioplastics, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels (Liu et al., 2018; Mateos et al., 2019;
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