Bioscience Evidence 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 98-109 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/be 107 Phytochemical Profile of Aerial Parts: The aerial parts of R. glutinosa have been found to contain various ursane-type triterpenoids and glycosides, including ajugol, aucubin, and acteoside. These compounds contribute to the phytochemical diversity and potential medicinal value of the aerial parts, which have been less studied compared to the roots. The findings from these studies open several avenues for future research: Biosynthetic Pathways: Further elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways of key bioactive compounds in R. glutinosa is essential. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks involved can lead to the development of strategies for enhancing the production of these compounds through genetic engineering or optimized cultivation practices. Utilization of Non-Medicinal Parts: The discovery of significant bioactive compounds in the leaves of R. glutinosa suggests the need for comprehensive studies on the potential medicinal uses of these parts. Research should focus on the extraction, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of compounds from the leaves to fully exploit the plant's medicinal potential. Metabolic Engineering: The successful reconstitution of biosynthetic pathways in heterologous systems like Saccharomyces cerevisiae highlights the potential for metabolic engineering to produce bioactive compounds. Future research should explore the optimization of these systems for large-scale production and the exploration of other host organisms for biosynthesis. Phytochemical Diversity: Continued exploration of the phytochemical diversity in different parts of R. glutinosa, including less-studied aerial parts, can lead to the discovery of new bioactive compounds. Advanced analytical techniques and bioinformatics tools should be employed to identify and characterize these compounds. The research on Rehmannia glutinosa has significantly advanced our understanding of the biosynthesis and functional roles of its bioactive components. The identification of key enzymes such as RgTyDC2 and RgCOMT, along with the dynamic accumulation of glycosides and saccharides, underscores the plant's complex metabolic network and its potential for medicinal applications. The findings also highlight the untapped potential of the plant's non-medicinal parts, suggesting a more holistic approach to its utilization. Future research should focus on unraveling the complete biosynthetic pathways, exploring the medicinal value of all plant parts, and leveraging metabolic engineering for the sustainable production of bioactive compounds. By doing so, we can fully unlock the therapeutic potential of Rehmannia glutinosa and contribute to the development of novel medicinal products. Acknowledgments We would like to express our gratitude to the two anonymous peer reviewers for their critical assessment and constructive suggestions on our manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Cai R.R., Zhao L.F., and Suo M.R., 2024, Active essence of Chrysanthemum morifolium: comprehensive study of chemical characteristics and bioactivity, Medicinal Plant Research, 14(1): 45-56. https://doi.org/10.5376/mpr.2024.14.0004 Chen H., Liu X., Xie M., Zhong X., Yan C., Xian M., and Wang S., 2023, Two polysaccharides fromRehmannia glutinosa: isolation, structural characterization, and hypoglycemic activities, RSC Advances, 13: 30190-30201. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra05677e Dai X., Su S., Cai H., Wei D., Yan H., Zheng T., Zhu Z., Shang E., Guo S., Qian D., and Duan J., 2018, Protective effects of total glycoside fromRehmannia glutinosa leaves on diabetic nephropathy rats via regulating the metabolic profiling and modulating the TGF-β1 and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9: 1012. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01012
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