Bioscience Evidence 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 56-68 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/be 66 resources using EST-SSR markers and quantitative taxonomy has led to the identification of new cultivars, enhancing the genetic diversity and breeding potential of R. glutinosa. The complete sequencing of chloroplast genomes has revealed significant intra-species diversity, contributing to our understanding of the genetic relationships within the species. Proteomic analysis has highlighted the complex regulation of terpenoid synthesis, a key medicinal component of R. glutinosa. Furthermore, shifts in the rhizosphere microbial community under consecutive monoculture have been linked to changes in soil health and plant performance, impacting the quality and yield of R. glutinosa. The genetic and molecular insights gained from these studies have profound implications for the medicinal use of Rehmannia glutinosa. The identification of key genes involved in phenolic and terpenoid biosynthesis can lead to the development of genetically enhanced varieties with higher concentrations of these bioactive compounds, potentially increasing their therapeutic efficacy. The ability to manipulate the genome using CRISPR/Cas9 technology opens up new avenues for improving the yield and quality of R. glutinosa, making it more viable for large-scale medicinal production. Understanding the genetic diversity and relationships among different germplasms can aid in the selection and breeding of superior cultivars, ensuring a consistent supply of high-quality medicinal material. Additionally, insights into the rhizosphere microbiome and its impact on plant health can inform better agricultural practices, reducing the incidence of replanting disease and improving overall crop productivity. Future research should further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of key medicinal compound biosynthesis in R. glutinosa, advancing the development of advanced genome editing technologies and their application in R. glutinosa to create new varieties with enhanced medicinal properties and disease resistance. Expanding research on the genetic and phenotypic traits of R. glutinosa germplasm will improve yield and quality. A more comprehensive study of rhizosphere microbial communities and their interactions with R. glutinosa will be crucial for developing sustainable cultivation practices, mitigating the negative impacts of continuous monoculture. Integrating these genetic and microbiological insights with traditional knowledge of R. glutinosa's medicinal uses will aid in developing more effective and reliable herbal medicines. Acknowledgments The BioSci Publisher appreciate the feedback from two anonymous peer reviewers on the manuscript of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Bhattamisra S., Yap K., Rao V., and Choudhury H., 2019, Multiple biological effects of an iridoid glucoside, catalpol, and its underlying molecular mechanisms, Biomolecules, 10(1): 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10010032 Chen J., Feng C., Guo X., Zhou Y., Gu T., Zhuang X., Cheng L., and Zhang K., 2022, Development of polyclonal antibodies-based serological methods for detection of the rehmannia mosaic virus in field plants, Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 6: 1013470. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.1013470 Dong T., Song S., Wang Y., Yang R., Chen P., Su J., Ding X., Liu Y., and Duan H., 2022, Effects of 5-azaC on iridoid glycoside accumulation and DNA methylation in Rehmannia glutinosa, Frontiers in Plant Science, 13: 913717. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.913717 Duan H., Wang W., Zeng Y., Guo M., and Zhou Y., 2019, The screening and identification of DNA barcode sequences for Rehmannia, Scientific Reports, 9: 17295. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53752-8 Gong W., Zhang N., Cheng G., Zhang Q., He Y., Shen Y., Zhang Q., Zhu B., Zhang Q., and Qin L., 2019, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch extracts prevent bone loss and architectural deterioration and enhance osteoblastic bone formation by regulating the IGF-1/PI3K/mTOR pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(16): 3964. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163964
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