International Journal of Marine Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.6, 303-312 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 308 oral administration, thereby acquiring a certain degree of resistance. Although there is no mature vaccine for EMS at present, similar attempts do offer some possible directions for the future to some extent. Figure 2 Concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in hemolymph measured by ELISA (a). Relative expression of mRNA of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (b), lysozyme (LYS) (c), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (d), toll like receptor-2 (TLR-2) (e) and prophenolperoxidase (PPOD) (f) in four different treatments (T1, lows stocking density, T2, high stocking density, T3: lauric acid, T4: N-acetylcysteine, T5: lauric acid+N-acetylcysteine (Adopted from Fatima, 2025) 5.3 Improvements in survival rate, reduction of environmental load, and economic benefits After adopting this comprehensive health management model, the farming performance of white shrimp from South America has generally undergone significant changes. The most obvious improvement is the increase in survival rate, which has risen from the originally common less than 50% to over 85%, and the situation of "pond drainage" has also become rare (Chuchird et al., 2021). Because there is no longer a reliance on frequent water changes or blind medication, the quality of the tail water has improved, the discharge has decreased, and the risk of eutrophication in the nearby waters has also declined accordingly. More importantly, after the reduction of diseases, production becomes more stable and income naturally increases. Although health management itself does require investment, when taken into account, the benefits in both ecological and economic aspects are more considerable. 6 Microecological Regulation Strategies in Healthy Aquaculture 6.1 Mechanisms of probiotics and microbial preparations in disease prevention In the practice of animal husbandry, many people think of medication when it comes to disease prevention. However, in fact, probiotic microbial preparations have long been a commonly used method, and their effects are no less effective. Their functions are not singular; they often occur simultaneously in water bodies and the intestines. Common probiotics like Bacillus, once they gain dominance in water, will consume a large amount of organic matter, weaken the nutrient sources of pathogens such as Vibrio, and secrete some antibacterial substances (Milijasevic et
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